HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines but not primary human fibroblasts are radiosensitized by the inhibition of Chk1

Purpose

Despite the comparably high cure rates observed for HPV-positive HNSCC, there is still a great need for specific tumor radiosensitization due to the often severe side effects resulting from intense radiochemotherapy. We recently demonstrated that HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines are characterized by a defect in DNA double-strand break repair associated with a pronounced G2-arrest. Here we tested whether abrogation of this radiation-induced G2-arrest by the inhibition of Chk1 results in specific radiosensitization of HPV-positive HNSCC cells.

Materials and methods

Experiments were performed with five HPV and p16-positive (93-VU-147T, UM-SCC-47, UT-SCC-45, UD-SCC-2, UPCI-SCC-154) and two HPV and p16-negative HNSCC cell lines, as well as two normal human fibroblast strains. Chk1 was inhibited by the selective inhibitor PF-00477736. Cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry, Chk1-activity via Western blot and cell survival by colony formation assay.

Results

With the exception of UPCI-SCC-154, the inhibition of Chk1 was found to abolish the pronounced radiation-induced G2-arrest in all HPV-positive cells utilized. All tumor cell lines that demonstrated the abrogation of G2-arrest also demonstrated radiosensitization. Notably, in G1-arrest-proficient normal human fibroblasts no radiosensitization was induced.

Conclusion

Abrogation of the G2 checkpoint through the inhibition of Chk1 may be used to selectively increase the cellular radiosensitivity of HPV-positive HNSCC without affecting the surrounding normal tissue.