1988-2008年顺德容桂街道麻疹疫情分析

目的 了解佛山市顺德区容桂街道实施计划免疫工作后麻疹流行特征,为控制 麻疹提供科学依据.方法 对佛山市顺德区容桂街道1988-2008年麻疹发病情况进行统计分析. 结果 1988-2008年容桂街道共报告麻疹确诊病例618例,年均发病率8.95/10万,不同年份间 麻疹发病率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=18.975,P〈0.001） . 1988-1998年81.97%集中在人口集中 的城区,83.61%病例为本地人口.1999-2008年55.83%发病在外来人口聚集的城乡结合部和 工业区,76.12%病例为流动人口.春末夏初为高发季节,2005年出现了反常的秋冬季节高发 状况.发病人群以8月-7岁龄儿童为主,1999-2008年发病人群开始出现两极发展趋势,8月 龄以下婴幼儿和20岁以上成年人病例开始增多,分别占7.91%和13.46%.麻疹疫苗免疫史空 白的人群占52.4%.结论 容桂地区麻疹发病率出现大幅上升趋势,要采取有力措施提高人群 免疫水平,完善计划免疫网络建设,特别是加强流动人口的计划免疫管理工作,减少免疫空白, 是有效控制麻疹的重要措施.

The epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreak between 1988 and 2008 in Ronggui community of Shunde

Objective To provide scientific evidence for measles control by exploring the epidemiological characteristics of measles after execution of planned immune project in Ronggui community of Shunde.Methods Measles outbreak between 1988 and 2008 in Ronggui community was statistically analyzed.Results 618 cases of measles had been reported between 1988 and 2008,with a mean yearly incidence of 8.95/100,000,and the incidence rate differed significantly among different years (χ2 =18.975,P<0.001).81.97% of the cases developed in the urban with heavy population during 1988 to 1998 and 83.61% of which were local people.During 1999 to 2008,55.83% of the cases occurred in the outskirts and industrial areas with heavy immigrant population and 76.12% of which was outcomers.Late spring and early summer was a period of higher incidence; the incidence was abnormally high in fall and winter of 2005.Measles occurred mainly in children aged 8 months to 7 years.The incidence was 7.91% in the infants aged 8 months or younger and 13.46% in the adults aged 20 or older during the period of 1999 to 2008.Absence of measles vaccination was 52.4% in the population.Conclusions The incidence of measles has an increasing trend in Ronggui community.We should take effective measures to raise the immune level,consummate EPI network construction,and specially strengthen the EPI management in the immigrant population and reduce the immune blank.