《伤寒论》“发于阳”“发于阴”索解

"发于阳""发于阴"指人体感受风寒之邪,阳经及其络脉乃至皮部出现以发热恶寒为代表的症状,阴经及其络脉乃至皮部出现以无热恶寒为代表的症状,疾病处于表证期。阳经受邪发热,阴经受邪无热,此为常;阳经受邪亦有不发热者,阴经受邪反有发热者,此为变。《伤寒论》第7条和第131条两处"发于阳""发于阴"含义相同,均为就表证而言。邪在皮毛经络,为感邪之初,病之始,故为"发"。"阳"指阳经及其络脉乃至皮部;"阴"指阴经及其络脉乃至皮部。从病程上看,处于表证期,即邪气入经以及入经之前;从病位上看,邪在体表、经络,无涉脏腑。相较而言,阳经表证更为明显,邪在络脉常已出现相应症状,从病之"发"到病之"衰",时间较长,所以说,发于阳七日愈,发于阴六日愈。

Discussion About"Disease Arising from Yang"and"Disease Arising from Yin"in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases

"Disease arising from yang"and"disease arising from yin"means that after the body is attacked by wind and cold,the yang meridian and its collaterals and even skin have the symptoms represented by fever and aversion to cold,the yin meridian and its collaterals and even skin have the symptoms represented by no fever and aversion to cold,which shows that the disease is in the stage of exterior syndrome.It is normal for fever after the yang meridian is attacked by pathogens and no fever after the yin meridian is attacked by pathogens.It is abnormal if there is no fever after the yang meridian is attacked by pathogens and fever after the yin meridian is attacked by pathogens.The course of"disease arising from yang"and"disease arising from yin"is located in the period of exterior syndrome,at this time,there is only exterior syndrome but no interior syndrome;the disease location is in the yang meridian,or in the yin meridian,its own collaterals and even the skin respectively.The meanings of"disease arising from yang"and"disease arising from yin"in Article 7 and Article 131 of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases are the same,both refer to exterior syndrome.Pathogens in the skin and meridians means the beginning of disease."Yang"refers to the yang meridian and its collaterals and even skin,while"yin"refers to the yin meridian and its collaterals and even skin.In terms of the course of disease,it is in the period of exterior syndrome,that is,the pathogens begin to enter the meridians and before it enters the meridians.In terms of the disease location,the pathogens are in the body surface,meridians and collaterals,and do not involve the viscera.In contrast,exterior syndrome in yang meridians are more obvious,and the corresponding symptoms often appear when pathogens are still in the collaterals.It takes a long time from the"occurrence"of the disease to the"decline"of the disease.Therefore,it is often believed that disease arising from yang will be cured in 7 days while disease arising from yin will be cured in 6 days.