鬼穴在现代急症中的应用

鬼穴一词最早出现在唐代医家孙思邈的《备急千金要方》中,后世医家的鬼门十三针大多是从孙思邈十三针的基础上发展而来的。孙思邈十三鬼穴中,鬼市(承浆)、鬼藏(会阴)两穴位于任脉之上,鬼宫(人中)、鬼枕(风府)和鬼堂(上星)三穴位于督脉之上,任脉为“阴脉之海”,督脉为“阳脉之海”,而通过刺激这些穴位可以调节人身的阴阳平衡,达到“阴平阳秘,精神乃治”的效果。其次,督脉三穴都位于头部,刺激此三穴对于调节全身阳气的流动起着较大的作用。鬼心(大陵)、鬼窟(劳宫)位于心包经,可镇心神、开心胸之痰结。鬼信(少商)、鬼垒(隐白)、鬼床(颊车)、鬼腿(曲池)是脾经、肺经及其表里之经上的穴位,可治疗癫症。鬼路(申脉)为足太阳膀胱经穴,主治痉挛痫眩、角弓反张等。十三鬼穴中的经外奇穴主要就是鬼封(海泉),刺激海泉穴可以安定心神,缓解癫症。鬼穴主要治疗的急症有昏迷、癫狂。医生在运用鬼门十三针治疗时,辅以心理辅导帮助治疗。现代对鬼门十三针的研究多为单个鬼穴的研究,对鬼穴的组穴研究较少,临床治疗时应多用组穴。

Application of Ghost Points in Modern Emergency

The word"ghost point"first appeared in Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces for Emergency by Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty.Thirteen needles in the ghost gate of later generations are most developed on the basis of Sun Si-miao's thirteen needles.Among Sun Si-miao's thirteen ghost points,Guishi/Chengjiang(RN 24),and Guicang/Huiyin(RN 1)in the CV;Guigong/Renzhong(DU 26),Guizhen/fengfu(DU 16),and Guitang/Shangxing(DU 23)in the GV.CV is"the sea of yin meridians"and GV is"the sea of yang meridians".By stimulating these points,we can adjust the balance of yin and yang of human body,and achieve the effect of"the balance of yin and yang and peaceful mind".Besides,the three points of GV are all located in the head,stimulating these three points plays a greater role in regulating the flow of the whole body yang qi.Guixin/Daling(PC 7),and Guiku/Laogong(PC 8)are in the pericardial meridian,can calm mind,relieve the phlegm retention in the heart and chest.Guixin/Shaoshang(LU 11),Guilei/Yinbai(SP 1),Guichuang/Jiache(ST 6)and Guitui(LI 11)in the spleen lung and the lung meridian and their exterior-interior meridians,can treat depressive psychosis.Guilu/Shenmai(BL 62)is in the bladder meridian of foot taiyang,can treat convulsive vertigo,opisthotonus opisthotonos,etc.Among the thirteen ghost points,Guifeng/Haiquan(EX-HN11)is the major extra point.Stimulating it can calm the mind and relieve depressive psychosis.Ghost points are mainly used to treat the emergency of coma and madness.Doctors should assist with psychological guidance when using the thirteen needles of ghost gate.At present,the research on the thirteen needles of ghost gate is mostly on single point,and the research on point combination is less,but the clinical treatment should use point combination more to achieve remarkable efficacies.