Somatostatin-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in eye- and submandibular gland-projecting sympathetic neurons

Studies combine the use of the retrograde tracer, fluorogold, and immunocytochemical staining to determine whether superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons projecting to the iris or submandibular gland (SMG) in adult male and female rats show distinctive immunoreactivity to somatostatin (SS), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), or neuropeptide Y. Overall, more SMG-projecting neurons than eye-projecting neurons contain VIP-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI), and more eye-projecting neurons than SMG-projecting neurons contain SS-LI and VIP-LI. Thus, postganglionic neurons of the SCG that project to specific target tissues are heterogeneous in their peptide content, and there are differences in the pattern of peptide-immunoreactivity between neurons projecting to these two target tissues. In addition, the results indicate that there may be gender differences in the expression of these neuropeptides.