呼吸道疾病中的性别差异

流行病学研究表明，男性和女性在部分呼吸道疾病的发病率、患病风险、病理学和发病机制上存在明显差异。性别不仅造成男女的生理差别，还导致他们在社会地位、经济和文化背景等各方面的不同，这些因素同样也影响呼吸道疾病的发生和发展。该文回顾了性别差异在主要呼吸道疾病中的作用，并进一步讨论哮喘、阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、结核病及肺癌等部分呼吸道疾病的性别差异发生的具体机制。

Pulmonary diseases and gender differences

Epidemiologic evidence points to gender-based differences in incidence,risk,histology,and pathogenesis of certain lung diseases in women as compared with men.Gender influences not only make physiological differences,but also the social,economic,and cultural context in which men and women coexist.This paper seeks to review the role of gender in major areas of pulmonary disease and explore the mechanisms that may underlie gender differences in asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,mycobacterial disease (tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection) and lung cancer.