COVID-19与心血管代谢性疾病的临床研究进展

COVID-19与心血管代谢性疾病（CVMD）之间高共患病率和死亡率,及其潜在的心血管损伤风险,为其临床诊治带来巨大挑战。最新研究发现：高龄状态、免疫功能缺陷、炎症因子风暴及氧化应激损伤等是二者高共患病率的潜在机制;病毒直接侵袭、心肌氧供需失衡以及血管内皮与凝血功能障碍则可能是COVID-19患者心血管损伤的重要机制。此外,SARS-CoV-2细胞膜受体ACE2在各脏器与循环系统中的表达水平,不仅介导病毒对脏器直接侵袭损伤,还可参与机体炎症与氧化应激平衡的调节,从而影响患者COVID-19易感性与预后结局。本文将就COVID-19合并心血管代谢性疾病的上述研究进展进行回顾,并探讨SARS-CoV-2引起心血管损伤机制,以期为COVID-19合并CVMD患者的临床诊治提供理论依据。

Impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19: review of recent progress

The high comorbidity between cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (CVMD) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the consequent high mortality and the potential risk of cardiovascular damage have brought great challenges to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the condition. The latest studies found that advanced age, immune function defects, inflammatory factor storms and oxidative stress damage all potentially contribute to the high comorbidity of the two. Direct virus invasion, myocardial oxygen supply and demand imbalance and vascular endothelial and coagulation dysfunction may be important mechanisms for cardiovascular injury in COVID-19 patients. In addition, the expression level of ACE2 (the cell membrane receptor of SARS-CoV-2) in various organs and the peripheral blood not only mediates the direct invasion and damage of the organs, but also participates in regulation of the balance of systematic inflammation and oxidative stress, thus affecting the susceptibility and outcomes of the patients. Herein we review the recent research progress in the comorbidity between COVID-19 and CVMD and explore the mechanisms of cardiovascular damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, thus to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 with underlying CVMD.