1982年与2012年中国6~17岁儿童蔬菜水果摄入比较

  目的  分析1982年与2012年我国6~17岁儿童蔬菜水果摄入量及其变化特征。  方法  以1982年全国营养调查18 237名与2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测中的5 819名6~17岁儿童为对象，分别用称重记账法与3 d 24 h膳食调查法收集儿童食物摄入情况，分析并比较两个年份学龄儿童的蔬菜与水果摄入量及达到WHO推荐摄入量的情况。  结果  学龄儿童蔬菜摄入量从1982年的300.4 g下降到2012年的185.8 g(Z=45.9, P＜0.001)；学龄儿童水果摄入量由1982年的28.2 g增加到2012年的45.9 g(Z=36.8, P＜0.001)。学龄儿童蔬菜水果总摄入量达到WHO推荐量80%及以上的比例由1982年的42.2%下降到2012年的21.6%(χ2 =809.9, P＜0.001)。1982年和2012年，男生蔬菜摄入量均高于女生，且随年龄增长而升高；水果摄入量均为城市儿童高于农村儿童。  结论  2012年与1982年相比，我国6~17岁儿童蔬菜摄入量下降较多，水果摄入量有所增加，2012年与1982年儿童蔬菜与水果摄入量均不足，建议采取综合干预措施提高儿童蔬菜与水果的消费，促进其健康成长。

Changes of the dietary intake of vegetable and fruit among Chinese children aged 6-17 in 1982 and 2012

  Objective  To analyze the change characteristics of fruits and vegetables intake among Chinese children aged 6-17 years in 1982 and 2012.  Methods  18 237 and 5 819 children aged 6-17 years old from the 1982 China Nutrition Survey and China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2010-2012) were recruited respectively. Three consecutive 24-hour recalls method and weight records method were used to collect the food intake among children. The intakes of vegetables and fruits of children and the proportion reaching WHO recommended intake were analyzed and compared in the two years.  Results  From 1982 to 2012, Children' s vegetable intake dropped from 300.4 g to 185.8 g (Z=45.9, P < 0.001); the fruit intake of children increased from 28.2 g to 45.9 g (Z=36.8, P < 0.001), the proportion of children reaching 80% of the WHO recommended amount of total intake of fruits and vegetables decreased from 42.2% to 21.6% (χ2 =809.9, P < 0.001). In each year, boys' vegetable intake was higher than girls', and children's vegetable intake gradually increased with ages, fruit intake of urban children was higher than that of rural children.  Conclusions  Compared with 1982, the vegetable intake of Chinese children aged 6 to 17 years decreased significantly, and the intake of fruits increased in 2012. The intake of vegetables and fruits of children was insufficient in each year. Comprehensive intervention should be urgently needed to effectively promote fruit and vegetable consumption of children.