2017年―2018年南京市成人居民慢性病相关危险因素

  目的  了解南京市成人居民慢性病相关危险因素流行特征、关联性和聚集性。  方法  利用2017―2018年南京市慢性病及其危险因素监测数据，分析≥18岁居民慢性病4项主要行为危险因素(现在吸烟、有害饮酒、蔬菜水果摄入不足及身体活动不足)和4项主要代谢危险因素(超重/肥胖、血压升高、血糖升高及血脂异常)的流行特征，采用多水平模型分析慢性病危险因素间的关联性及其聚集性。  结果  共纳入60 283名研究对象。蔬菜水果摄入不足、身体活动不足、现在吸烟及有害饮酒的比例分别为49.94%、28.19%、22.26%及7.40%，超重/肥胖、血脂异常、血压升高及血糖升高的比例分别为43.00%、28.35%、26.02%及9.39%。8项危险因素间存在20对正相关关系，差异均有统计学意义(均有P < 0.05)。0、1、2和≥3项危险因素的比例分别为15.09%、29.94%、26.17%和28.80%。男性、高年龄、郊县、低教育水平、离退休以及丧偶/离异/分居人群危险因素聚集的风险较高(均有P < 0.05)。  结论  南京市成人慢性病危险因素暴露率较高，两两间存在正向相关，针对重点人群应实施多种危险因素综合的防控策略。

Risk factors of chronic diseases among adult residents in Nanjing City from 2017 to 2018

  Objective  To estimate the prevalence, clustering and association of risk factors in adult residents in Nanjing City.  Methods  Using the data of chronic diseases and risk factors surveillance in Nanjing City from 2017 to 2018, 4 behavioral risk factors (current smoking, harmful drinking, insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables, and insufficient physical activity) and 4 metabolic risk factors (overweight/obesity, raised blood pressure, raised fasting plasma glucose, and dyslipidemia) were analyzed in different characteristics of adults in Nanjing; and multilevel model was applied to analyze the association and clustering of chronic disease risk factors.  Results  A total of 60 283 community-dwelling adults included in this study were selected randomly. The proportions of insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables, insufficient physical activity, current smoking, and harmful drinking were 49.94%, 28.19%, 22.26%, and 7.40%, respectively; Overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia, raised blood pressure and raised fasting plasma glucose were 43.00%, 28.35%, 26.02%, and 9.39%, respectively. There were 20 pairs of postive correlations between the 8 risk factors, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The proportions of 0, 1, 2, and 3 or more risk factors were 15.09%, 29.94%, 26.17%, and 28.08%, respectively. Males, high age, suburbs, low education, retired, widowed/divorced/separated people were at higher risk of clustering risk factors (all P < 0.05).  Conclusions  The exposure rate of chronic disease behavior and metabolic risk factors of adult residents in Nanjing City were relatively high, and there was a positive correlation between different risk factors. Comprehensive prevention and control strategies for multiple risk factors should be implemented for key populations.