中国6省18~75岁人群微量白蛋白尿检出情况及影响因素

  目的  了解中国6省18~75岁人群微量白蛋白尿(microalbuminuria，MAU)检出状况及其影响因素。  方法  本研究于2018年采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法，从6个省12个县、区中抽取2 693名18~75岁调查对象进行问卷调查、体格测量和24 h尿液收集。采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析相关影响因素。  结果  最终纳入分析的2 607名研究对象中，共检出234名MAU患者，MAU的检出率为8.98%(95% CI: 7.91%~10.14%)。男性、50岁及以上、吸烟、肥胖、高血压和糖尿病人群的MAU检出率分别为10.48%、11.91%、10.94%、14.82%、16.85%和23.21%，高于相对应人群，组间差异有统计学意义(均有P＜0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示，与无高血压、无糖尿病和体重正常人群相比，高血压患者(OR=2.843, 95% CI: 2.093~3.862)、糖尿病患者(OR=2.453, 95% CI: 1.626~3.702)和肥胖人群(OR=1.941, 95% CI: 1.338~2.815)发生MAU的风险较高(均有P＜0.001)。  结论  高血压、糖尿病和肥胖与MAU的发生有关，应重视这些人群的MAU早期筛查，以预防和延缓肾脏损伤的发生发展。

Prevalence and influencing factors of microalbuminuria among general population aged from 18 to 75 years old in 6 provinces of China

  Objective  To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of microalbuminuria (MAU) among a general Chinese population aged from 18 to 75 years old in 6 Provinces of China.  Methods  The multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used in this study in 2018. A total 2 693 18-75-year-old subjects were selected from 12 districts of 6 Provinces. Questionnaire survey, physical measurement and 24 h urine collection were conducted. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used.  Results  A total of2 607 subjects were finally included in the analysis, a total of 234 MAU were detected and the detection rate of MAU was 8.98%(95% CI: 7.91%~10.14%). The detection rate of MAU in male, 50 years and above, smoking, obesity, hypertension and diabetes population were 10.48%、11.91%、10.94%、14.82%、16.85%、23.21%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the corresponding population (all P < 0.05). Compared with non-hypertension, non-diabetes, normal body weight people, hypertension(OR=2.843, 95% CI: 2.093~3.862, P < 0.001), diabetes(OR=2.453, 95% CI: 1.626~3.702, P < 0.001)and obesity(OR=1.941, 95%CI: 1.338~2.815, P < 0.001)would increase the risk of MAU.  Conclusions  Hypertension, diabetes and obesity were related to the occurrence of MAU. Early MAU screening should be carried out in these population, so as to prevent and delay the occurrence and development of kidney damage.