Pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cells: surprises and challenges |
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| Institution: | 1. Priority Research Centre''s GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, 2305, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia;2. MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QH, Cambridge, United Kingdom;3. Division of Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; and Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, VIC, Australia;4. Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, Ultimo, NSW, Australia;1. Priority Research Centre''s GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, 2305, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia;2. MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QH, Cambridge, United Kingdom;3. Division of Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; and Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, VIC, Australia;4. Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, Centenary Institute, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, Ultimo, NSW, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a recently described subset of innate lymphocytes with important immune and homeostatic functions at multiple tissue sites, especially the lung. These cells expand locally after birth and during postnatal lung maturation and are present in the lung and other peripheral organs. They are modified by a variety of processes and mediate inflammatory responses to respiratory pathogens, inhaled allergens and noxious particles. Here, we review the emerging roles of ILC2s in pulmonary homeostasis and discuss recent and surprising advances in our understanding of how hormones, age, neurotransmitters, environmental challenges, and infection influence ILC2s. We also review how these responses may underpin the development, progression and severity of pulmonary inflammation and chronic lung diseases and highlight some of the remaining challenges for ILC2 biology. |
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