2017-2019年广州市病媒生物监测报告

  目的  了解广州市近年来病媒生物种群构成、密度及季节消长规律，为病媒生物防制工作提供科学依据。  方法  依据《全国病媒生物监测方案》和《广州市病媒生物监测方案》，2017-2019年每月在全市开展鼠、蟑螂、蚊及蝇监测，并对不同生境的病媒密度和季节消长进行统计分析。  结果  2017-2019年，总体鼠密度为2.42%，城镇居民区总体鼠密度最高，其鼠密度高峰集中在8-10月。总体蟑螂侵害率为13.79%，总体密度为0.58只/张，3年中农贸市场的蟑螂侵害率和密度均高于其他生境(P＜0.001)，其蟑螂侵害率和密度高峰分别在9月和10月。总体成蚊密度为2.75只/(灯·夜)，3年中不同生境的成蚊密度差异有统计学意义(χ2 =51.277, P＜0.001)，各年农户和牲畜棚的成蚊密度均高于城镇，其高峰分别在4月和7月。总体蝇密度为1.17只/笼，3年中不同生境的蝇密度差异有统计学意义(χ2 =22.427, P＜0.001)，各年农贸市场总体蝇密度最高，其高峰集中在8月。  结论  广州市不同生境病媒密度和季节消长趋势不同，应结合实际开展长期、系统和持续的病媒监测和防制工作。

A report on vector surveillance in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2019

  Objective  To understand the composition, density and seasonal fluctuation of vector populations in Guangzhou in recent years, so as to provide scientific basis for vector control.  Methods  According to the "National Vector Monitoring Program" and "Guangzhou Vector Monitoring Program", a monthly monitoring of mouses, cockroaches, mosquitoes and flies was carried out in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2019, and the vector density and seasonal fluctuation of different habitats were statistically analyzed.  Results  From 2017 to 2019, the overall mouses density was 2.42%. The highest overall density of mouses was in urban residential area, with the peak of its density concentrated in August to October. The overall cockroach infestation rate was 13.79% and the overall density was 0.58 insects per sheet. In three years, the infestation rate and density of cockroaches were higher in farmer's market than other habitats (P < 0.001). The peaks in cockroach infestation rate and density in farmer's market were in September and October, respectively. The overall adult mosquito density was 2.75 mosquitoes per (lamp·night), and statistically significant differences were found in adult mosquito density among different habitats in three years (χ2 =51.277, P < 0.001). The density of adult mosquitoes in farm household and livestock shed was higher than that in urban habitats, and the peaks were in April and July, respectively. The total fly density was 1.17 flies per cage, and the difference of fly density among different habitats in three years was statistically significant (χ2 =22.427, P < 0.001). The highest fly density was in the farmer's market from 2017 to 2019, and its peak was concentrated in August.  Conclusion  The vector density and seasonal fluctuation trends of different habitats in Guangzhou are different. Long-term, systematic and continuous vector monitoring and control should be carried out in accordance with actual conditions.