武汉地区中学生使用药物/精神活性物质的流行病学调查

目的··:了解武汉地区中学生使用药物/精神活性物质情况。方法··:采用随机抽样方法 ,使用自拟《学生用药情况调查表》对该地区高二学生进行调查。调查内容包括8种药物/精神活性物质“一生”、“最近30d”的使用情况、用药频率 (经常、偶尔 )、最初使用年龄、使用原因与后果等。结果·· :在2923例有效问卷中 ,“一生中经常”使用最多的物质是挥发性溶剂 (2.89% ) ,其他物质依次是酒 (2.31 % )、烟草 (0.94 % )、非甾体抗炎止痛药 (0.76 % )。“一生中偶尔”使用最多的是酒 (71.08 % ) ,其他物质依次是非甾体抗炎止痛药 (28.34 % )、挥发性溶剂 (17.94 % )、烟草(16.31 %)。各种物质的初次使用年龄介于7a至12a之间。使用非甾体抗炎止痛药和镇静催眠药的主要原因是治病 (分别占99.20 %和83.33 % );使用挥发性溶剂、饮酒、吸烟的主要原因是“好奇”和“受周围人影响” (分别占83.65 %,81.64 %,93.53 % )。60.25 %的挥发性溶剂滥用者感到身体受到了损害 ;烟酒使用者中分别有56.55%和37.04 %感到身体受到损害。结论··:在部分中学生中已发现对挥发性溶剂、酒、香烟和某些精神药物使用成瘾现象 ,极个别学生有滥用违禁毒品的行为。建议加强对中学生的药物滥用预防教育。

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF DRUG/PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE AMONG SENIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS IN WUHAN AREA

Objective: To survey drug/psychoactive substance use among seniormiddle school students in Wuhan area. Method: Epidemiological study on the use of drugs/psychoactive substances among senior middle school students was carried out. This representative samples were randomly selected by cluster sampling throughout this province. Totally 2923 students completed this self－reported questionnaire survey. Result: The lifetime prevalence of substance use for more than 20 days during the month before the survey indicated the following data: solvents 2.89％, alcohol 2.31％, tobacco 0.94％, NSAIDs 0.76％. The lifetime prevalence of “occasion use”indicated the following data: alcohol: 71.08％, NSAIDs:28.34％, solvents:17.94％, tobacco:16.31％. The median age at onset substance use was between 7 years old to 12 years old. The main reason of using NSAISs and sedative was of disease (99.20％, 83.33％). The main reason of using solvent, alcohol and tobacco was“curiosity”and“peer ”influence ( 83.65％ , 81.64％,93.53％).It found that 60.25％ solvent abusers, 56.55％ alcohol abusers and 37.04％ tobacco abusers were physically harmed after using. Conclusion: Solvent, alcohol and tobacco abuse is increasing among school students now, which indicates that education and intervention on substance misuse for adolescents should be strengthened.