陕西省农村义务教育阶段留守儿童早餐现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解陕西农村义务教育阶段留守儿童早餐现状,并分析相关影响因素,为修订营养改善相关国家政策、促进农村儿童身体健康提供参考。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,选取2019年陕西省7个重点监测县/区,按照学校食堂供餐、企业(单位)供餐和家庭(个人)托餐3种供餐模式,在每种供餐模式学校中各随机选择2所小学、2所初中,调查对象为小学3年级至初中3年级学生,每个年级各选取1~2个班,保证每班人数约40名,男女基本均衡,实施现场问卷调查饮食行为。结果 55.8%的调查学生每天吃早餐,从不吃早餐的学生比例为6.42%。多因素分析显示住校、女生、小学4~6年级、陕北、父母双方都在外打工的留守儿童每天吃早餐的比例较高(P＜0.05)。每天从不吃早餐的留守儿童比例(4.97%)低于非留守儿童(8.58%)(χ²=26.16,P＜0.001)。早餐食物种类以主食(66.5%)、新鲜蔬菜(35.2%)、蛋类(34.9%)、奶类(29.1%)以及豆类(23.1%)占前5位;留守儿童早餐吃水果、豆类、肉类、和蛋类的比例分别为9.9%、21.6%、15.0%和33.7%,均低于非留守儿童(13.0%、25.3%、18.1%和36.9%)(P＜0.05)。结论 陕西农村义务教育阶段留守儿童的总体早餐频次以及食物结构合理性均低于非留守儿童,且住宿类型、性别、学段、地区以及父母外出打工类型均可影响留守儿童早餐行为。

Current status of breakfast and its influencing factors in rural left-behind children receiving compulsory education in Shaanxi Province

Objective To investigate the current status of breakfast among rural left-behind children receiving compulsory education in Shaanxi,to analyze its influencing factors,and to provide references for revising national policies related to nutrition improvement and improving rural children’s health.Methods With a stratified cluster random sampling method,7 key monitored countries/districts in Shaanxi Province in 2019 were selected.According to three modes of serving a meal based on canteens of schools,enterprises(units)and families(individual),2 primary schools and 2 junior middle schools were randomly selected from schools with each mode of serving a meal.The surveyed subjects were students from Grade 3 to Grade 9.1-2 classes were extracted from each grade,ensuring about 40 students in a class,with half boys and half girls.On-site questionnaire survey on eating behavior was conducted.Results Among the students surveyed,55.8%ate breakfast every day,and the proportion of students never having breakfast was 6.42%.Multi-factor analysis indicated that left-behind children who lived in schools,girls,students from Grades 4-6 in primary schools,students from northern Shaanxi,and students with both parents to work outside showed higher proportion of eating breakfast every day(P<0.05).The proportion of left-behind children never having breakfast every day was lower than that of non-left-behind children(4.97%vs.8.58%,χ²=26.16,P<0.001).Staple foods(66.5%),fresh vegetables(35.2%),eggs(34.9%),dairy(29.1%)and beans(23.1%)were the top five breakfast foods.The proportions of left-behind children eating fruits,beans,meat and eggs for breakfast were 9.9%,21.6%,15.0%and 33.7%respectively,which were all less than those of non-left-behind children(13.0%,25.3%,18.1%and 36.9%,respectively)(all P<0.05).Conclusions The overall breakfast frequency and food structure rationality of rural left-behind children receiving compulsory education in Shaanxi are lower than those of non-left-behind children,and their behavior regarding having breakfast is affected by accommodation,gender,school period,region and parents to work outside.