严重老年胸伤患者临床流行病学特征与救治结局分析

目的 进一步提高严重老年胸部创伤患者的救治水平.方法 对重庆市急救医疗中心1995年6月-2005年5月救治的148例严重老年胸部创伤(年龄≥65岁,AIS≥3)(高龄组)病例资料进行回顾性分析,以同期<65岁严重胸部创伤患者1669例作为对照(AIS≥3)(低龄组).结果 (1)高龄严重胸伤致伤机制以钝性伤为主(124/148,83.8%),较低龄组高(1 157/1 669,69.3%)(P<0.01);致伤原因依次为交通伤、跌倒伤和坠落伤,其中高龄组交通伤及跌倒伤构成比(98/148,66.2%;22/148,14.9%)明显高于低龄组(845/1 669,50.6%;52/1 669,3.1%)(P<0.01).(2)两组ISS、RTS及GCS比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.518;P=0.419;P=0.525).(3)高龄组与低龄组院前时间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.884).(4)高龄组病死率(23/148,15.5%)显著高于低龄组(109/1 669,6.5%)(P<0.01).(5)高龄组主要并发症发生率(38/148,25.7%)显著高于低龄组(174/1 669,10.4%)(P<0.01).(6)有并发症患者病死率,高龄组(51.7%)较低龄组(26.7%)显著增高(P<0.01),而无并发症患者两组间病死率(6.7%:3.5%)差异无统计学意义(P=0.069).结论 年龄和并发症是预测创伤后救治结局相对独立的因素;加强对高龄老人创伤后危险性的认识,强调并发症的处理与器官功能支持治疗是提高高龄严重胸部创伤患者生存率的关键.

Epidemiological characteristics and care outcome of the elderly patients with severe chest trauma

Objective To further improve level of severe chest trauma care in the elderly pa-tients. Methods A retrospective study was done on data of 148 elderly patients (≥65 years with se-vere chest trauma (AIS≥3 points) (elderly group) treated in Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from June 1995 to May 2005. A total of 1669 patients at age less than 65 years and with AIS≥3 points were set as control group in the same research period (control group). Results The main injury mechanism was blunt trauma, which aceouted for 83.8% (124/148) in elderly group, higher than 69.3% (1 157/ 1 669) in control group (P < 0. 01). The injury causes were mainly traffic accidents, slip and fall from a height. Traffic accidents and slip accounted for 66.2% (98/148) and 14.9% (22/148) respectively, which was significantly higher than 50.6% (845/1 669) and 3.1% (52/1 669) respectively in control group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference upon ISS, RTS, GCS and prehospital time between both groups (all P value > 0.05). The fatality rate and indicence rate of complication in the elerly group were 15.5% (23/148) and 25.7% (38/148), which was significantly higher than 6.5% (108/1 669) and 10.4% (174/1 669) respectively in control group (P <0.01). The fatality rate in elderly group with complications was significantly higher than that in control group (51.7% vs 26.7%) (P < 0.01), while those without complications showed no statistical difference between two groups (6.7% :3.5%) (P >0. 05). Conclusions The patient' s age and complications are relative independent factors to es-timate the trauma care outcome. To raise risk awareness and strengthen the management of complications and supportive treatments for organ function are key to improve survival rate of the elderly patients with se-vere chest trauma.