儿童鼻咽癌放射治疗的远期疗效

背景与目的:儿童鼻咽癌是一种特殊类型的鼻咽癌,治疗效果较差。本文分析儿童鼻咽癌的远期疗效,并探讨影响其疗效的有关因素,为制定合理的诊疗措施提供依据。方法:从1975年1月至1995年12月,共有47例经病理组织学确诊、7～14岁的儿童鼻咽癌患者在我院接受放射治疗,鼻咽剂量为6～13周52～74Gy,平均为(64.68±5.68)Gy;颈部剂量为5～13周46～73Gy,平均(57.77±5.86)Gy。21例在放疗前接受化疗,其中13例接受以DDP为基础的方案化疗1～3个疗程。用SPSS10.0统计软件包的Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,用log-rank法对单纯放疗组及化放疗组患者的生存率进行比较。结果:全组1、3、5年生存率分别为72.3%、53.2%和40.4%。影响儿童鼻咽癌远期疗效的因素有临床分期(P=0.0463)、活检方式(P=0.0236)、鼻咽照射剂量(P=0.0494)和近期疗效(P=0.0050)。生存5年以上的15例男性患者平均身高(161.5±1.2)cm,其中身高等于或低于160cm7例,占46.7%,最矮者只有150cm。3例女性患者中,月经正常1例,月经紊乱2例。结论:临床分期、活检方式、鼻咽照射剂量和近期疗效是影响儿童鼻咽癌放射治疗远期疗效的因素,儿童鼻咽癌放射治疗的远期后遗症不容忽视。

Long-term efficacy of radiotherapy on children with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in children is a particular type of NPC with poor prognosis. This study was to analyze long-term treatment efficacy, and relevant factors influencing prognosis of NPC in children. METHODS: From Jan. 1975 to Dec. 1995, 47 children,7-14 years old, with NPC diagnosed by pathology received radiotherapy in our hospital. Radiation doses were 52-74 Gy/6-13 weeks (64.68+/-5.68) Gy] in nasopharynx, and 46-73 Gy/5-13 weeks (57.77+/-5.86) Gy] in neck; 21 received 1-3 cycles of chemotherapy (cisplatin, bleomycin, 5-fluoroucil, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide) before radiotherapy. Survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, and analyzed by log-rank test with SPSS 10.0 software. RESULTS: The 1, 3, 5-year survival rates of 47 patients were 72.3%, 53.2%, and 40.4%, respectively. Clinical stage (P=0.046), mode of biopsy (P=0.024), radiation dose in nasopharynx (P=0.049), and short-term efficacy (P=0.005) correlated with prognosis of these patients. The average height of 15 male children with NPC who survived for more than 5 years was (161.5+/-1.23) cm. Among 3 female children with NPC who survived for more than 5 years, 2 had menstruation disturbance. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical stage, mode of biopsy, radiation dose in nasopharynx, short-term efficacy may influence prognosis of NPC in children. Radiation-induced long-term sequelae of NPC in children should not be overlooked.