Myogenic activity in autoregulation during low frequency oscillations

Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) was applied in eight human subjects to trigger low frequency oscillations in order to study the nature of functional coupling between the hemodynamic and autonomic nervous systems, with particular focus on how the myogenic response fits within this coupling. To this end muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were measured at baseline and during LBNP and were then examined in both the time and frequency domains. At the height of low frequency oscillations (~ 0.1 Hz) there was a strong coupling between all the five indices, marked by perfect alignment of their oscillatory frequencies. Results in the time domain show that a fall in MAP is followed by a fall in TPR at 1.58 s SD 0.69), a rise in heart rate at 2.64 s (SD 0.98), a rise in cardiac output at 3.72 s (SD 0.60), a peak in MSNA at 5.71 s (SD 1.27) and, finally, a rise in TPR at 7.13 s (SD 1.02). A possible interpretation of the latter is that a drop in MAP first triggers a drop in TPR via a myogenic response before the expected rise in TPR via a rise in MSNA. In other words, following a drop in arterial pressure, myogenic response controls vessel diameter before this control is taken over by MSNA. These findings provide a possible resolution of a longstanding conceptual argument against attributing a significant role for the myogenic response in blood flow autoregulation.