对于维金斯基“间生态”学说的再评价

局部麻醉是临床治疗和实验研究中常用的方法之一。关于维金斯基的麻醉理论“间生态”学说过去曾有肯定的评价,近年来在苏联它仍是关于抑制和麻醉的重要理论。本工作通过实验研究对该学说进行再评价,实验结果如下:1.应用感应电刺激不麻醉的蟾蜍坐骨神经腓肠肌标本时,由于感应圈高频振荡的抑制作用,也能产生类似“间生态”的现象。①单个感应电震的通电和断电刺激效应随刺激强度增加而不同:弱刺激时断电刺激效应大于通电;中等强度时通电等于断电;强刺激时断电小于通电。如在原电路中并联200μF 以上的电容器以降低其频率,则断电均大于通电。②应用不同强度强直感应电刺激神经时,虽不麻醉也能出现正常、均等和反常肌肉收缩现象。③强感应电刺激对神经有很强的抑制作用同时还有扩布现象。2.用0.5%可卡因局麻神经,当改变感应电刺激的频率和强度时,肌肉收缩的型式可随之任意改变。3.用方波电刺激以2%普鲁卡因局麻的神经,通过麻醉区的神经动作电位逐渐减弱以至消失,但不出现“间生态”现象。应用单一强度的方波连续刺激神经,局麻后动作电位均匀地下降,无波动现象。应用弱、中、强序列的方波刺激神经,动作电位均成比例下降,无均等或反常现象。上述结果提示:维金斯基的“间生态”现象乃是用感应电刺激时由于高频抑制和刺激强度不同所引起的人为现象,而不是神经在麻醉过程中所特有的时相变化。

REASSESSMENT OF WEDENSKY'S PARABIOSIS THEORY

Local anesthesia has been widely adopted in both clinical practice and experimental research.Wedensky's parabiosis theory is still one of the important theories for anesthesia and inhibition in USSR. This paper offers a critical assessement to this theory by means of experimental approach in various aspects.Westarted from the study of characteristics of induction coil stimulation,then performed experiments similar to Wedensky's original work,and used the nerve action potential induced by square wave stimulation as control.The sciatic-gastrocnemius preparations of toad were employed throughout.The results are as follows:(1) Phenomena similar to Wedensky's Parabiosis can be produced in unanesthetized nerve by the high frequency oscillatory inhibition of induction coil.(2) Nerve being locally anesthetized with 0.5% cocaine,the pattern of muscle contraction may be changed arbitrarily by changing the frequency and amplitude of induction coil stimulation.(3) The action potential recorded after passing through the narcotized region did not show parabiosis when square wave was employed for stimulating the local anesthetized nerve. In view of the above results,it is suggested that Wedensky's parabiosis is but the artificial phenomena which are induced by high frequency inhibition and varied stimulating strength of induction coil.