Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Clinical Review |
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Authors: | David A. Sass MD Parke Chang MD Kapil B. Chopra MD |
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Affiliation: | (1) Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;(2) Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA;(3) Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UPMC Center for Liver Diseases, Falk Medical Building, 3rd, Floor, 3601 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA |
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Abstract: | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may be the most common liver disease in the United States, with a high prevalence in the obese, type 2 diabetic population, and it is probably underestimated as a cause for cirrhosis. Clinicopathologically, it represents a wide spectrum of histologic abnormalities and clinical outcomes, ranging from benign hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis. Pathophysiologically, insulin resistance is thought to be pivotal in the development of steatosis, after which a second oxidative stressor produces lipid peroxidation and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis and prognosis. The need for an effective treatment is both clear and urgent, yet in the absence of proven therapies, treatment is directed toward weight loss and comorbidity management. For patients with NAFLD at risk of disease progression, there is a lack of large, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of adequate treatment duration, with baseline stratification according to histologic severity. |
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Keywords: | nonalcoholic fatty liver disease nonalcoholic steatohepatitis insulin resistance obesity hyperlipidemia |
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