高频测听及耳声发射对老年性听力损失早期诊断的研究

目的探讨扩展高频听阈及畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）幅值与年龄的关系及其对老年性听力损失早期诊断的意义。方法应用扩展高频测听和畸变产物耳声发射对100例常频听力正常者（20～70岁，分5个年龄段）进行听力测试。结果在扩展高频测听中，随测试频率增高，各年龄段听阈逐渐增加，不同测试频率随年龄增加听阈增高，听阈检出率逐渐下降，经SPSS软件分析，在9～11．2kHz，41岁以下组间无显著性差异，但与41岁及以上组有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；12．5～16kHz，20～30岁组与其他各组均有显著差异，51～60岁组与61～70岁组无显著差异。在DPOAE测试中，各频率随年龄增长DPOAE幅值下降，尤其在高频区，不同年龄段DPOAE幅值有显著差异。结论扩展高频测听与畸变产物耳声发射幅值可以作为对老年性听力损失早期诊断的依据，均可以用于老年性听力损失的早期筛查和诊断。

The application of extended high frequency audiometry and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions to the early diagnosis of presbycusis

Objective To investigate the relationship of extended high frequency audiometry and DPOAE with age and the significance of the two tests in early diagnosis of presbycusis. Methods The extended high frequency audiometry and DPOAE were performed to 100 subjects （20-70 years old） with normal hearing at standard frequencies.They were divided into 5 age groups. Results In the extended high frequency audiometry, the hearing thresholds increased gradually as a function of the frequency and age. At 9-11.2 kHz, there were no significant differences in hearing thresholds among the groups under 41 years old, but significant differences among the groups over 41 years old（P〈0.01）. At 12.5-16 kHz, there were significant differences between the 20-30-year-old group and the other groups; however,there were no differences between 51-60-year-old group and 61-70-year-old groups. In DPOAE test, the amplitudes decreased with the increase of age at different frequencies. There were significant differences in DPOAE amplitudes among different age groups at high frequencies. Conclusion The extended high frequency audiometry and DPOAE can be used in the early screening and diagnosis of presbycusis.