上海某区4～15岁儿童少年哮喘环境影响因素分析

[目的]探讨儿童哮喘患病的危险因素,为哮喘的预防和控制提供依据。[方法]应用病例-对照研究方法,调查上海某区4～15岁经医生诊断的哮喘病例202例和368名对照的个体特征及家庭社会经济、遗传、室内环境因素,用Logistic回归方法分析哮喘患病潜在危险因素。[结果]在调整了混杂因素后,该区儿童青少年哮喘患病的各种危险因素的OR值及95%可信区间分别为：母亲文化程度本科及以上（1.76,1.15～2.71）,出生低体重（1.89,1.03～3.47）,母亲哮喘（4.27,1.59～11.42）,父亲过敏病史（2.94,1.79～4.80）,母亲过敏病史（2.21,1.34～3.64）,与父母或家人共用卧室（1.66,1.10～2.51）,出生至2岁家养毛皮动物（2.24,1.02～4.90）,室内环境烟草烟雾（ETS）暴露量（1～10支/d：1.57,1.01～2.43;≥11支/d：2.36,1.06～2.58）,使用燃气炉烹调的时间≥45min/d（1.89,1.22～2.83）,居室内有霉斑（2.59,1.08～8.06）,住宅附近50m内有车辆繁忙的街道（1.70,1.11～2.62）。[结论]遗传因素对哮喘患病的影响最大,减少ETS暴露、避免室内潮湿和霉菌繁殖可能会降低儿童哮喘患病的风险。婴幼儿期免于宠物暴露也可能降低哮喘患病风险。

A Case-control Study on Risk Factors of Asthma among 4-15 Years School-aged Children in a District of Shanghai

[Objective] To explore the risk factors for asthma in school-age children,and to provide the data for asthma control and prevention.[Methods] Asthma cases aged 4-15 years(n=202)from schools were recruited and matched for year of birth,sex,and living area with randomly selected schoolchildren controls(n=391). Cases and controls were surveyed by questionnaire to ascertain the asthma and various proposed risk factors for asthma. Asthma was defined as ever having been diagnosed as asthma by doctors.[Results] Af...