颈椎前路手术的早期并发症及其预防和处理

[目的]分析颈椎前路手术早期的各种并发症,探讨相关的影响因素及应对策略.[方法]回顾分析本院1997年1月～2011年3月559例经颈椎前路手术的各种早期并发症发生情况,对患者的病种、性别、年龄、全身并发症情况、手术、麻醉、护理及瘫痪情况多因素进行分析,分析相关并发症的可能发生原因,介绍处理方法.[结果]118例患者141例次出现术后早期并发症,发生率25.22％,其中,术后吞咽困难53例,喉上神经或喉返神经损伤11例,颈部切口血肿4例,脊髓损害加重3例,食道瘘1例,脑脊液漏4例,取骨区血肿或脂肪液化感染5例,低钠血症39例,肺部感染12例,下肢深静脉血栓形成5例,死亡4例.[结论]充分的术前准备与评估,熟悉的颈椎前路手术解剖知识及认真仔细的操作,术后仔细的观察及护理是预防颈椎前路手术早期并发症的关键.

Prevention and management of early complications in anterior cervical spine surgery

[Objective]To analyze the prevention and management of early complications associated with anterior cervical spine surgery.[Method]From Jan 1997 to Mar 2003,559 cases were treated with anterior cervical surgery,and received analysis on complications during the occurrence,the patient’s disease,sex,age,systemic complications,surgical,anesthesia,nursing and paralysis of the multi-factor analysis.By analyzing causes of complications,the countermeasures developed.[Result]Total 141 complications occurred in 118 patients and the incidence was 25.22%,including dysphagia in 53 cases,superior laryngeal nerve or recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in 11 cases,hematoma in 4 cases,increased spinal cord injury in 3 cases,esophageal fistula in 1 case,cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 4 cases,bone hematoma and infections in 5 cases,hyponatremia in 39 cases,pulmonary infection in 12 cases,deep vein thrombosis in 5 cases,death in 4cases.[Conclusion]Adequate preoperative preparation and assessment,thorough understanding of anatomy related to the anterior approach and the operation carefully,postoperative careful observation and care are essential for preventing the early postoperative complications of anterior cervical spine surgery.