上海市某社区中小学学生心理健康状况

目的调查社区小、中学校学生心理健康状况,分析不同年级、性别学生心理特征,了解学生群体心理困扰与需求,为开展有效心理干预提供理论依据。方法抽取某社区中4所社区小学4、5年级学生、6所中学所有学生,以调查问卷形式完成SCL-90(90项症状清单)量表。结果与全国常模比较小学生仅在恐怖因子上存在劣于一般人群的差异(Z=-5.36,P0.01);初中学生除人际关系外均存在劣于一般人群的差异(Z总分=-8.34,Z总均分=-8.51;P均0.01);高中学生各因子均存在劣于一般人群的差异(Z总分=-15.65,Z总均分=-15.86;P均0.01)。初中年级心理因子阳性率增加较大,且初二年级的因子阳性率增加最明显,差异具有统计学意义(χ2总分=43.16、P均0.01)。男女性别在焦虑、恐怖、偏执因子中存在显著差异(χ2=5.976,5.053,6.361;P均0.05),且不同校别的男女差异各有特点。起始年级学生抑郁、焦虑水平高于普通年级(χ2=9.380、P0.01;χ2=8.775,P0.05);毕业年级学生的焦虑、精神病性水平高于普通年级(χ2=6.261,P0.05)。结论小学生心理健康状况较为乐观;初中阶段学生出现心理问题的可能性明显增加,尤其初一、初二年级是心理干预的关键时期;高中学生的心理健康整体状态不理想且高考应激源效应明显;男女生在个体成长发育过程中呈现出不同的优势与不足;起始年级与毕业年级学生相对普通年级学生更可能处于心理应激状态。

Mental Health Status of Students in Community Primary and Secondary School in Shanghai

Objective To investigate mental health status of students in community primary and secondary school ,and analyze differ-ent grades,gender of psychological characteristics of students ,understand psychological distress and needs ,provide a theoretical basis for carrying out effective psychological intervention .Methods Extracting 4,5 grade students in four communities and all 6 high school students to complete the questionnaire in the form of SCL -90（Symptoms Checklist -90）.Results Comparison with the national norm , pupils＇horror factor was worse than that of the general population （Z=-5.36,P〈0.01）;Junior high school students in addition to inter-personal relationships were inferior to general population （Z=-8.34,-8.51;P〈0.01）;School students＇all factors were worse than the general population（Z=-15.65,-15.86 ;P〈0.01）.The positive rate of junior high school students＇psychological factors increased lar-ger,especially the second year of junior high school students （Z=43.16,P〈0.01）.There were significant gender differences in anxiety , terror,paranoia factor（χ2 =5.976,5.053,6.361;P〈0.05）,and the differences between men and women had different features between different schools.The depression,anxiety levels of students in starting grades were higher than the norm （χ2 =9.380,8.775;P〈0.05）;Students in graduation graders were higher than the normal grades in anxiety ,psychotic levels（χ2 =6.261;P〈0.05）Conclusion Pri-mary mental health is more optimistic;Possibility of junior students＇suffering from psychological problems increases significantly ,especial-ly in the first and second grade are a critical period of psychological intervention ;School students＇mental health is not satisfactory and the overall state of the entrance effects are obvious stressors;Boys and girls grow up show different strengths and weaknesses during the devel -opment of the individual;Starting and graduate grades students are more likely to be in a state of psychological stress .