鼻咽癌放疗中常见的四种头部固定技术

目的探讨鼻咽癌放疗的头部固定技术应用及推广。材料与方法 ５０例鼻咽癌随机采用四种不同的头部固定技术，在钴６０治疗机上做放射治疗，观察测量２０天次。结果①塑料面罩固定技术：重复性好，体位不易变，操作简单方便、轻巧，但随患者消瘦会影响面罩和头部的吻合程度，常用于常规等中心治疗。②带尼龙带扣的泡沫塑料枕固定技术：重复性好，体位不易变，操作简单方便、轻巧，适用于常规等中心治疗和面颈联合野、低熔点技术等中心治疗。③带尼龙带扣的简易头颈固定器固定技术：操作简单方便、轻巧，重复性好，体位不易变，常用于常规等中心治疗，而对面颈联合野和低熔点技术使用不方便。④沙袋固定技术，摆位简单，但体位易变，常用于等距离照射。结论带尼龙带扣的泡沫塑料枕固定技术操作简单方便、轻巧，摆位精确度高，重复性好，应用范围广，值得普及、推广。

Four kinds of Head Immobilization Techniques in the Radiotherapy of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Objective To explore the application and spread of the best head-immodilizattion technique in the radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods Fifth patients with are were randomized into 4 groups during radiotherapy with cobalt machine. In each group, one kind of head-immobilization technique was used. All cases were observed and measured once per day for 20 days. Results The immodilization technique using thermoplast mask has the advantages of good repetition, satisfying immobilization of the posture, handling well, and the mask being light and meat. But the mask would not fit the face when the patient becomes thinner as the radiotherapy goes on. This techmique is usually applied with isocentric mounting. The techmique using ffoamed-plastic pillow with a nylon belt is also good for repetition, immobilization , and positioning, And the device is light and neat. This technique is fit to be applied with isocen- tric mounting in upper neck/primaxy target portal. The simple immobilization tevhnique with a nylon belt has its advantages of convenience, lightness, good repetition, and well immobilization, It is commonly ed with isocentric mounting, but not suitable for uppe neck/primary target portal or low melting lead block technique . When using sandbag for immobilization, it is easy to position, but it dces not reach satisfying immobilization . It is commonly used for non-isocentric mounting radiotherapy. Conclusions The immobilization technique of foamed-plastic pillow with a nylon belt is convenient, easy handling, and highly accurate in immobilization and repositioning. It has a broad application field. It is worth popularing and spreading.