安徽省血吸虫病潜在流行区流动人群感染情况调查分析

目的了解安徽省血吸虫病潜在流行区巢湖地区流动人群血吸虫病感染情况及流行病学特征，为该地区可能发生的突发疫情提供预警信息。方法采用间接血凝试验法（IHA法）于2008—2012年对巢湖地区流动人群血吸虫病感染情况进行血清学筛查，血检阳性者再用病原学方法（集卵沉淀法）检查以确诊，并对流动人群血吸虫病感染特征进行流行病学分析。结果采用血清学方法检查巢湖地区流动人口1603人，阳性49人；采用病原学方法检查75人，阳性27人；流动人群血吸虫病感染率为1．68％。感染率在不同年份（2008—2012年）、不同性别、不同文化程度（文盲、小学、初中、高中、大专及以上）差异无统计学意义（χ1^2=4．106，P1=0．392；χ2^2=0．377，P2=0．539；χ3^2=7．320，P3=0．120）；但在不同年龄（8～、20～、30～、40～、50～、60～、70～86岁）、不同职业（农民、渔民、船民、民工、学生、教师和干部、其他）、不同地区感染率差异有统计学意义（χ4^2=34．851，P4〈0．01；χ5^2=25．448，P5〈0．01；χ6^2=38．050，P6〈0．01），50岁以上人群、农民及来自巢湖周边流行区的流动人群感染率较高。结论巢湖地区流动人群中已发现输入性血吸虫病传染源，今后应根据流动人群血吸虫病感染特点，采取有针对性的监测与治理措施，以降低潜在流行区血吸虫病的传播风险。

Epidemiological features of schistosomiasis among floating population in potential endemic areas in Anhui in 2008-2012

Objective To understand the epidemiological features of schistosomiasis infection among floating population around Chaohu Lake region, a potential endemic area in Anhui province, so as to send an alarming message for the upcoming outbreak of schistosomiasis in the region. Methods Indirect hemagglutination assay （IHA） was used for serological screening and then stool examination （sedimentation method） was performed to confirm the infection among mobile population from 2008 to 2012. Chi-square test was used for data analysis. Results A total of 1 603 individuals were screened by IHA, and 49 were positive. Out of 75 individuals tested etiologically, 27 were found positive. The average annual infection rate of schistosomiasis among floating population was 1.68 %. The investigation revealed that there were no significant differences of annual infection rates and infection rates among gender groups as well as among individuals with different educational levels （χ1^2=4.106,P1=0.392;χ2^2=0.377,P2=0.539;χ3^2=7.320,P3=0.120）. However, the differences of infection rates were significant among age groups and individuals with different occupations and from different regions （χ4^2=34.851,P4〈0.01;χ5^2=25.448,P5〈0.01;χ6^2=38.050,P6〈0.01）. The highest rates were found among farmers, individuals of more than 50 years old and those from potential endemic areas around Chaohu Lake region. Conclusions Imported infection cases with Schistosorna japonicum have been found in Chaohu I.ake region in recent years. Therefore, monitoring floating population becomes critical in order to reduce the risks of transmission and prevent the potential outbreak of schistosomiasis in the region.