肿瘤化疗药物渗漏治疗研究讲展

肿瘤化疗药物渗漏可致局部皮肤肿胀、烧灼样痛、水疱、静脉炎甚至组织坏死，严重者须外科清创植皮。损伤程度一般分为局部组织炎性反应期、静脉炎性反应期和组织坏死期。按照渗漏后对组织的刺激程度，可将化疗药物分为发疱剂、刺激剂和非刺激剂。一旦发生药液渗漏，应立即停药，抽吸血管内外药液，及早给予冷敷、热敷、药物湿敷等处理，以避免发生更严重的并发症。加强患者及其家属的安全用药教育、正确掌握给药方法是预防化疗药物渗漏的重要措施。

Research progress on therapy for extravasation due to chemotherapy drugs for cancer

Extravasation of chemotherapy drugs for cancer could lead to local skin swelling, burning pain, vesicle, phlebitis, and even tissue necrosis. Moreover, surgical debridement and skin-grafting were needed for serious patients. The degree of injury generally includes local inflammatory response phase, venous inflammatory response phase, and tissue necrosis phase. According to the degree of irritation of issue after extravasation, the chemotherapy drugs could be divided into vesicants, stimulants, and non-stimulants. The drug should be stopped immediately once extravasation occurred. Moreover, aspirating endovascular and extravascular drug and early therapy containing cold compress, fomentation, and wet compress with drug should be given to avoid much serious complications. The important measures of preventing extravasation due to chemotherapy drugs for cancer include strengthening safe medication education for patients and their families and mastering correct method of drug use.