Morphologic and Molecular Characteristics of Bladder Cancer |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;2. Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0612, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;1. Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;2. Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, 33-332, Krakow, Poland;1. Greater Manchester and Oswestry Sarcoma Service, Department of Orthopaedics, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK;2. Greater Manchester and Oswestry Sarcoma Service, Department of Orthopaedics, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK;3. Greater Manchester and Oswestry Sarcoma Service, Department of Radiology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK;4. Greater Manchester and Oswestry Sarcoma Service, Medical Oncology Department, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK;1. Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, L-25, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;2. Department of Molecular Genetics, Cleveland Clinic and Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, L-25, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;1. Division of Biotechnology and Life science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan;2. Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., 1-9-2, Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-6606, Japan;3. KOMEYA Professional engineer Japan office, 5-11-30, Kugayama, Suginami-ku, Tokyo 186-0081, Japan;1. Department of Urology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland;2. Department of Urology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Pathologic evaluation of urothelial cancers relies predominantly on histomorphologic features but can be aided in a small subset of cases by immunohistochemical analyses. Distinction of papillary versus flat lesions, low-grade versus high-grade cytology, and histologic variants and the presence or absence of invasive tumor is important for proper clinical management. Advances in the molecular alterations associated with the various subtypes of urothelial carcinoma have been made but such studies are ongoing. |
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| Keywords: | Bladdder cancer Urothelial cancers Molecular alterations Hematuria |
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