广西流行性乙型脑炎疫情流行特征

目的分析广西1986~2005年20年间流行性乙型脑炎疫情的动态变化趋势和流行特征,为今后有效防控乙脑提供依据。方法对1986~2005年全区乙脑传染病疫情报告和2004、2005年实验室检测资料进行分析。结果1986年以来,我区乙脑每年都呈现一定的发病率水平,1986~2005年共发生乙脑病例10 263例,死亡961例,发病率为0.43/10万~2.46/10万,死亡率为0.03/10万~0.26/10万,病死率为4.74%~17.51%。全区14个市中,乙脑疫情以河池、玉林、百色、贵港、钦州5市为重,5市乙脑发病占发病总数的58.48%。每年5月乙脑疫情开始上升,5~8月为流行季节,6~7月为发病高峰期,10岁以下儿童占总发病数的87.73%,散居儿童占67.00%。结论广西是全国乙脑发病高危地区之一,学龄前农村散居儿童发病死亡较多;季节性突击接种乙脑疫苗不能有效控制乙脑流行,农村学龄前散居儿童是乙脑疫苗接种的盲点和重点。

Epidemiologic characteristics of Japanese B encephalitis in Guangxi

Objective To analyze the characteristics and trends of Japanese B encephalitis(JE) epidemic in Guangxi from 1986 to 2005,and provide evidence for further JE prevention and control.Methods Collecting data from the Infectious Disease Surveillance and Reporting System from 1986 to 2005 and the laboratory test information from 2004 to 2005.Results JE occurred in Guangxi every year,the total JE cases were 10 263 from 1986 to 2005,among them 961 cases died,the incidence rate and the mortality rate were 0.43/10 0000~2.46/10 0000 and 0.03/100 000~0.26/100 000 respectively.The fatality rate were 4.74%~17.51%.The JE cases were distributed in all 14 cities of Guangxi,among which the Hechi,Yulin,Baishe,Guigang and Qinzhou city accounted for 58.84%.The incidence of JE increased in May each year,most of the cases concentrated during May to August,and peaking in June to July.87.73% cases were children under 10 years and 67.00% cases were in the age before school.Conclusion Guangxi was one of the areas with high incidence of JE occurrence.Most of the JE cases were children in age before school,especially those who lived in rural areas.Seasonal emergency immunization could not control JE epidemic effectively.