郑州市某寄宿制幼儿园学龄前儿童营养状况调查

目的了解郑州市某寄宿制幼儿园儿童的膳食结构和营养状况,提出改进意见。方法采用5日连续称重记账法进行膳食调查,同时进行体格检查和营养生化指标的测定。结果郑州市某寄宿制幼儿园学龄前儿童热能和三大营养素的摄入量达到了相应供给量标准,钙、锌、视黄醇当量、硫胺素的摄入量分别是(RDA)52.7%、82.4%、51.4%、81.3%,铁的摄入量为供给量的135.8%,但来源于动物性食物的铁仅达到17%。营养过剩表现较突出,其发生率为17.4%;贫血的患病率为6.27%。结论调整膳食结构,增加副食摄入,增加钙、锌、视黄醇当量、硫胺素、铁的供给,减少动物性脂肪及胆固醇的摄入量,适当增加碳水化合物的摄入,增加来源于动物性食物的血色素铁的供给,增加幼儿的运动量,达到平衡膳食,合理营养。

A nutritional survey on preschool children of a placing-out kindergarten in zhengzhou city

Objective To investigate the status of dietary nutrition,growth and development og preschool children of placing-out kindergarten in Zhengzhou city and,to present suggestions for improving the status.Methods Five hundred and seventy-four preschool children,aged 3-6 years,of a placing-out kindergarten in Zhengzhou city were included in the research.Five days dietary survey by using weighing methods and keeping-record methods,anthropometry,and hemoglobin determination were used.Results Compared with the average reference intake of children,deficient calcium,zinc,retinol equivalent and thiamine intake were popular,respectively in 52.7%,82.4%,51.4% and 81.3%.Iron intake was 135.8%of RDA,but only 17% was from animal-resource food.It was obvious to absorb additional nutrition for the children.Incident rate of animia was 6.27% and overweight and obesity rate was simultaneous,namely 17.4%.Conclusions It is suggested to adjust dietary structure rationally,to add intake of vegetable,fruits,calcium,zinc,retinol equivalent,thiamine and carbohydrate rationally,to add intake of iron of haemochrome from animal-resource food and to increase the amount of exercise,in case to reach nutritive equilibrium.