间歇重力管饲法在 NICU 极低体重儿喂养中的应用

目的：探讨间歇重力鼻饲喂养对新生儿重症监护室（ NICU）内极低体重儿胃肠道并发症的影响。方法选取NICU内215例极低体重儿，采用随机数字表法将患儿随机分为观察组106例，对照组109例。观察组采用间歇重力管饲喂养方法，对照组采用持续滴注管饲喂养方法。观察两种鼻饲方法客观指标变化并进行比较。结果观察组和对照组各100例患儿完成研究。观察组极低体重儿转出NICU时体质量增长到（1397．0±22．10）g，高于对照组（1320．0±18．25）g，差异有统计学意义（t＝2．26， P＜0．05）。观察组极低体重儿全胃肠营养所需时间、转出NICU时间为（4．94±0．70），（9．69±7．19）d，均低于对照组（4．74±0．74），（11．63±4．02）d]，差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为2．72，4．85；P＜0.01）。观察组患儿的腹胀、腹泻、上消化道出血、呕吐发生率均低于对照组，均有统计学意义（ P ＜0.05）；两组患儿均未发生坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）。结论应用间歇重力管饲喂养可以减少极低体重儿肠内营养并发症的发生，缩短患儿的NICU入住时间，提高体重增长速度。

Application of intermittent gravity tube feeding on very low birth weight infants in NICU

Objective To evaluate the effects of intermittent nasogastric feeding on neonatal intensive care unit （ NICU） on very low birth weight infants gastrointestinal complications .Methods Two hundred and fifteen very low birth weight infants were randomly assigned to either observation group （ n=106 ） or the control group （ n=109 ） .Infants in the observation group received intermittent gravity tube feeding .Infants in the control group received continuous drip tube feeding .Weight increase , total parenteral nutrition time , length of stay and complication were assessed .Results Observation group of very low birth weight infants when were turned out of the NICU, weight increased to（1 397.0 ±22.10）g, higher than the control group （1 320.0 ± 18.25）g, was statistically significant difference （t=2.26,P〈0.05）;total parenteral nutrition time, length of stay in NICU were （4.94 ±0.70）,（9.69 ±7.19）d,in observation group, were lower than the control group （4.74 ±0.74）,（11.63 ±4.02）d], differences were statistically significant （t=2.72,4.85,respectively;P〈0.01）.The incidence of abdominal distention , vomiting, diarrhea, upper gastrointestinal bleeding in observation group were lower than the control group , and had statistical significance （P〈0.05）.However, the very low birth weight infants had not occurred necrotizing enterocolitis in two groups .Conclusions Intermittent nasal tube feeding can reduce the complications of enteral nutrition , shorten the time of hospitalizationand increased body weight growth rate .