An approach for evaluating the respiratory irritation of mixtures: application to metalworking fluids |
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Authors: | M M Schaper K A Detwiler-Okabayashi |
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Institution: | (1) University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Center for Environmental and Occupational Health and Toxicology, 260 Kappa Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA, US |
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Abstract: | Recently, the sensory and pulmonary irritating properties of ten metalworking fluids (MWF) were assessed using a mouse bioassay.
Relative potency of the MWFs was estimated, but it was not possible to identify the component(s) responsible for the the respiratory
irritation induced by each MWF. One of the ten fluids, MWF “E”, produced sensory and pulmonary irritation in mice, and it
was of moderate potency in comparison to the other nine MWFs. MWF “E” had three major components: tall oil fatty acids (TOFA),
sodium sulfonate (SA), and paraffinic oil (PO). In the present study, the sensory and pulmonary irritating properties of these
individual components of MWF “E” were evaluated. Mixtures of the three components were also prepared and similarly evaluated.
This analysis revealed that the sensory irritation from MWF “E” was largely due to TOFA, whereas SA produced the pulmonary
irritation observed with MWF “E”. Both TOFA and SA were more potent irritants than was MWF “E”, and the potency of TOFA and/or
SA was diminished through combination with PO. There was no evidence of synergism of the components when combined to form
MWF “E”. This approach for identifying the biologically “active” component(s) in a mixture should be useful for other MWFs.
Furthermore, the approach should be easily adapted for other applications involving concerns with mixtures.
Received: 2 November 1994/Accepted: 16 March 1995 |
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Keywords: | Metalworking fluids Pulmonary irritation Mice Mixtures |
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