Changes in cognitive function among older adults: A latent profile transition analysis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China;2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China;1. National Institute of Health, Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Aging-Associated Diseases, Rome, Italy;2. Polytechnic University of Marche, Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ancona, Italy;3. Italian Society of Nephrology, Italy. Division of Nephrology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy;4. National Association Hospital Cardiologists, Florence, Italy;1. Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile;2. Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile;3. Cariology and Gerodontology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Talca, Talca, Chile;4. Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile;5. Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile;6. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile;7. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain;8. Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile;9. Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network, Chile;1. University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, PO Box 100496, Gainesville, FL 32610-0496, United States;2. University of Florida Health Physicians, PO BOX 100354, Gainesville, FL 32610-0354, United States;3. Saint Louis University, College of Public Health and Social Justice, 3545 Lafayette Ave., St. Louis, MO 63104, United States;4. Baptist MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Urologic Surgery, 1235 San Marco Blvd., Jacksonville, FL 32207, United States;5. Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Ave., Campus Box 8051, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States;6. SSM Health, Department of Clinical Analytics and Insights, 10101 Woodfield Lane, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States;1. Rene Rachou Research Center, The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in the State of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;2. Nursing School, Physical Therapy Course, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Av. Jovino Fernandes Sales, 2600, Santa Clara, 37.133-840, Alfenas, MG, Brazil;3. Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de Minas, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 – Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;1. Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Avda. de la Merced 109-131, Salamanca, ES-37005, Spain;2. Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre” (i+12), Madrid, Spain;3. The Biomedical Research Centre Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Research Institute, Madrid, Spain;4. Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain;5. Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil;6. Department of Neurology, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid, Spain;7. Health Center of Arévalo, Ávila, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Cognitive decline in late life is a crucial health problem. It is important to understand the consistency and change of older adults’ cognitive function in late life. Data for older adults (78 years and above) from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 1680) were used to explore meaningful subtypes of cognitive function and transitions patterns between those profiles across times. Age, gender, levels of education and nursing home were incorporated as covariates to explore the association between these variables and cognitive function transition pattern. Three cognitive function subgroups (Normal Cognitive Function, Fluid Intelligence Impairment and Cognitive Impairment) were identified. Individuals in Normal Cognitive Function status had a high probability to convert to the Fluid Intelligence Impairment status whereas the Cognitive Impairment status appeared a predominant tendency for stability. Increasing age played a significant role in fluid intelligence impairment and cognitive impairment process. Female and individuals with nursing home might be at higher risk of subsequent fluid intelligence impairment, while higher education did not protect against fluid intelligence impairment. These findings highlighted the usefulness to adopt a person-centered approach rather than a variable-centered approach, suggesting directions for future research and tailored interventions approaches to older adults with particular characteristics. |
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| Keywords: | Cognitive function Older Americans Latent profile transition analysis |
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