中国／WHO控烟能力建设社区子项目上海地区一年效果评估

目的　评价中国/WHO控烟能力建设合作项目(社区控烟子项目)在上海市长宁区新华街道社区居民控烟能力建设实施一年的效果,探索今后社区的控烟方法。方法　按照中国/WHO控烟能力建设合作项目(社区控烟子项目)总体安排,统一问卷、统一时间,按照人口2 %的样本量随机抽取2 0～6 0岁社区居民,对其烟草使用和控烟方面的知识、态度和行为及对戒烟服务的需求和获得情况进行了调查与分析。结果　社区男性居民吸烟率高于女性,干预前后居民吸烟率分别为35 1%和4 2 8% ,干预期间社区居民男性吸烟人群戒烟成功率为10 6 % ,以5 5岁以上年龄段、离退休人员、大专以上学历、家庭人均月收入>2 5 0 0元人群中戒烟成功率最高。戒烟失败的主要原因是缺乏意志力,其次是来自周围吸烟者的影响;84 %以上的调查对象都认为吸烟、被动吸烟有害健康,且吸烟者、不吸烟者、戒烟者正确认知率依次增高;干预后男性调查对象劝阻朋友或家人吸烟、表示戒烟后永不吸烟比干预前有明显提高(P <0 0 1) ,且能主动寻求戒烟服务(P <0 0 5 ) ;去治疗机构就医时医务人员主动向男性调查对象介绍戒烟方法和技巧干预后多于干预前(P <0 0 1) ,有显著性差异。结论　对新华街道社区居民实施控烟教育与培训等综合性措施是有效的,提升了社区居民的控烟能

Effect evaluation on smoking control plan for one year in Shanghai--China/WHO smoking control capability construction cooperation items

Objective To evaluate the effect of smoking control plan having been carried out for one year in Xinhua Street Community, Shanghai, and try to explore the effective ways of smoking control. Methods According to the arrangement of China/WHO Smoking Control Capability Construction Cooperation Items (community smoking control), the respondents, aged from 20 to 60 years old, were selected by random sampling at the rate of 2% of total community population. All the questionnaires were the same in content and the surveys were conducted at the same time. The information of respondents on tobacco use, KAP of smoking control, needs for smoking control service and available resources was collected and analyzed. Results The rate of smoking in male was higher than that in female. The rates of smoking were 35.1% and 42.8% respectively before and after intervention. The rate of successfully quitting smoking in male was 10.6%, of which the highest was among the population aged over 55 years old, retired, having an equal or higher college education career, average family income over 2500 RMB. The main cause of failure to quitting smoking was the lack of willpower, the second cause came from the influence of other smokers. 84% of respondents thought active smoking and passive smoking were harmful to health. The correct answer rate was higher in order of smokers, nonsmokers and quitting smokers. The number of male respondents who tried to persuade his family and friends from smoking and made up his mind not to relapse smoking forever was higher after intervention. They were willing to turn back the quitting smoking service. Compared with before intervention, the number of medical personnel introducing actively the effective ways to smokers from smoking was higher. Conclusion The comprehensiveness measures of the education and training of smoking control carried out in Xinhua Street Community were effective, which improved the capability of community residents of smoking control. Strengthening the education to smokers and supplying for them with quitting smoking services which improved the rate of successfully quitting smoking among smokers. An effective way of smoking control was explored.