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Serum amyloid A: A potential biomarker of lung disorders

Institution:	1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois;2. Medical Service, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois

Abstract:	Serum amyloid A is an acute-phase protein with multiple immunological functions. Serum amyloid A is involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory reactions, granuloma formation, and cancerogenesis. Additionally, serum amyloid A is involved in the pathogenesis of different autoimmune lung diseases. The levels of serum amyloid A has been evaluated in biological fluids of patients with different lung diseases, including autoimmune disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, sarcoidosis, asthma, lung cancer, and other lung disorders, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, tuberculosis, radiation pneumonitis, and cystic fibrosis. This review focuses on the cellular and molecular interactions of serum amyloid A in different lung diseases and suggests this acute-phase protein as a prognostic marker.

Keywords:	Serum amyloid A Serum biomarkers Acute-phase protein Prognosis Lung diseases SAA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0040"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"serum amyloid A CRP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0050"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"C-reactive protein HDL"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0060"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"high-density lipoprotein IL-1"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0070"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"interleukin-1 TNF-α"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0080"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"tumor necrosis factor-alpha IL-6"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0090"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"interleukin-6 apo-A1"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0100"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"apolipoprotein A1 COPD"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0110"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease OSAS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0120"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"obstructive sleep apnea syndrome SSC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0130"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"systemic sclerosis CTD-ILD"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0140"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease RA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0150"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"rheumatoid arthritis Th-1"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0160"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"T-helper 1 lymphocytes TLR-2"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0170"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"toll-like receptor 2 NF-κB"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0180"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"nuclear factor TAMs"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0190"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"tumor-associated macrophages ECM"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0200"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"extracellular matrix FVC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0210"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"forced vital capacity FEV1"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0220"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"forced expiratory volume in the first second MMP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0230"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"matrix metalloproteinase DLCO"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0240"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Diffuse lung capacity for carbon monoxide BAL"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0250"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"bronchoalveolar lavage CPAP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0260"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"continuous positive airway pressure
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