酸模属中草药的调查鉴定与成分分析

本文在全国调查的基础上,对酸模属中草药的9种原植物:酸模(Rumex acetosa),羊蹄(R.japonicus)、巴天酸模(R.patientia)、皱叶酸模(R.crispus)、尼泊尔酸模(R.nepalensis)、毛脉酸模(R.gmelini)、狭叶酸模(R.stenophyllus)、钝叶酸模(R.obtusi foliue)和红丝酸模(R.chalepensis)进行了分类鉴定研究。化学分析的结果表明。这9种植物的根部均含有抗真菌有效成分酸模素(nepodin),还均含有大黄素、大黄素甲醚和大黄酚等蒽醌衍生物;总蒽醌含量为0.44～3.18%。与大黄属(Rheum)药用植物比较,酸模属药用植物的结合型蒽醌与游离型的含量相差不太悬殊,而且有时后者还较前者为高。

BOTANICAL INVESTIGATION AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES DERIVED FROM THE GENUS RUMEX

Yang-ti, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine, is found to be derived from several species of the genus Rurnex (Fam. Polygonaceae). Ethnopharmacologically, they have been widely used in China as a haemostatic and antifungal agent for haemorrhage, ringworm, favus etc.After a general survey and taxonomic identification of the original plants of this category of drugs, nine species were found to possess such theurapeutic effects. They are: Rumex acetosa L., R. gmelini Turcz., R. crispus L., R. stenophyllus Ledeb., R. patientia L., R. japonicus Houtt, R. nepalensis Spreng., R. obtusifolius L. and R. chalepensis Mill. (cf. Tab. 1).By means of TLC run along with authentic samples, nepodin, an antifungal active principle, together with emodin, physcion and chrysophanol were shown to be present in all the nine species mentioned above. With the aid of a densitometric method, the contents of total, combined and free forms of anthraquinone derivatives were also determined (cf. Tab. 2). The anthraquinone patterns of Rumex in comparison with Rheum showed that the proportion between the combined and free forms of the former were not as large as that of the latter. In addition, the content of the free form in Rumex was, sometimes, higher than that of the combined.This study may serve as a scientific basis for further utilization of these kinds of drug resources.