经皮穿刺腰椎椎间固定融合术的初步临床应用

目的 探讨经皮穿刺腰椎椎间固定融合术的可行性、技术要点、手术适应证和临床效果.方法 回顾性分析32例经皮穿刺腰椎椎间固定融合术患者的临床资料.32例患者中男、女各16例,年龄31～77岁;病程平均(5.0±2.0)年,手术采用经皮穿刺腰椎间盘髓核摘除术对椎间盘减压后,用括匙将上下软骨终板破坏,将1枚可膨胀的椎间融合器B-Twin斜向置入椎间隙内形成固定的支架,然后在周围植骨,以保证椎体间的稳定效果.治疗的适应证:(1)退变性椎间盘膨出伴有椎体不稳和Ⅰ度滑脱21例;(2)退变性椎间盘膨出伴有轻、中度椎间隙狭窄10例;(3)盘源性腰痛1例.疗效评定标准采用日本矫形外科协会(JOA)下腰痛评分标准,在术前、术后3个月和1年3个时间对患者的症状和功能分别进行评分,计算术后改善率和疗效.对患者手术前后的JOA评分的变化进行方差分析,术后2次随访的改善率比较采用χ~2检验.结果 本组患者手术过程顺利,每个椎间隙手术时间50～90 min(平均60 min),出血量<20 ml.手术部位:L3～4间隙4例、L4～5间隙19例、L5～S1间隙6例、L3～4合并L4～5间隙3例,共置入B-Twin融合器35枚,其中3例在2个椎间隙内置入.患者平均住院时间(10.0±2.1)d,2例出现手术并发症,1例融合器松动,1例出现相邻椎间不稳.术后随访时间3～36个月,平均13个月.32例患者JOA下腰痛评分,术前为(4.1±1.8)分、术后3个月为(11.9±3.9)分,术后1年随访22例,JOA评分(12.0±3.2)分,手术前后JOA下腰痛评分差异有统计学意义(F=5.67,P<0.01);改善率,术后3个月为(61.7±23.6)%,术后1年为(58.2±21.0)%,两者差异无统计学意义(F=4.18,P>0.05).结论 经皮穿刺腰椎椎间固定融合术治疗退变性椎间盘突出症和椎体不稳具有损伤小、不破坏脊柱稳定结构的特点,但对椎间融合率以及远期效果还需进一步观察和深入研究.

Primary investigation of clinical application of percutanous posterior lumbar interbody fusion

Objective To characterize the feasibility, key technology, indications and clinical outcome of percutaneous lumbar interbody fusion. Methods Clinical data from 32 cases [16 made, 16 female, age range 31-77 years, average disease duration (5.0±2.0) years ] underwent percutaneous nucleotomy and endplate curettage was retrospectively analyzed. After percutaneous nucleotomy and endplate curettage, one expandable spinal spacer B-twin was introduced into the intervertebral space and some allograft cancellous bone implanted around the B-twin. Indications for treatment included degenerative lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with intervetebral distability or Ⅰ degree spondylolythesis (21 cases), LDH with intervetebral space collapse (10 cases) and lumbar discogenic pain (1 case). The symptoms and function of all patients were evaluated before, 3 months and 12 months after the operation by clinical outcome judgment criterion of surgical treatment for low back pain formulated by JOA, and the rate of clinical improvement and treatment efficacy were calculated. The JOA scales preoperatively, postoperatively and on the final follow-up was compared using ANOVA in SPSS. The changes before and after surgery with the JOA score and the the rate of clinical improvement between 3 months and 12 months after the operation was also compared using χ~2 test. Results The average operation time 1 hour and blood loss < 20 ml, Surgical site: L3-4 4 cases, L4-5 19 cases, I5-S1 6 cases, L3-4 and L4-5 3 cases, B-TWIn were implanted fusion cage 35, in three cases of intervertebral space with two implantso Average in Hospital time was (10.0±2.1) d . Complication included 1 case with displacement and 1 case with secondary instability of next intervertebral space. All the patients were evaluated after a follow-up of 3-36 months (average 13 months) 32 cases of patients with low back pain JOA score: before surgery is(4.1±1.8), 3 months after surgery is (11.9±3.9), 1 year after surgery of the 22 cases is (12.0±3.2). Score before and after surgery were statistically significant differences (F = 5.67, P < 0.01). The rate of clinical improvement After surgery there was no significant difference (F = 4.18, P > 0.05). Conclusions Percutaneous posterior lumbar interbody fusion with B-twin expandable fusion cage could lead to satisfactory outcome in the treatment of degenerative disc disease and intervertebral instability,which minimize surgical soft tissue and trauma spinal damage, does not destroy the structure of spinal stability. The technique The long-term outcome, complications and fusion rate need further observing.