髋臼骨折手术失败原因分析

目的 分析可能导致髋臼骨折手术失败的因素.方法 根据Matta X线评定标准和Merle d'Aubigne & Postel髋关节功能评价标准,以髋臼骨折术后复位分级为不满意或未行复位及固定,髋关节临床评价为"差",发生股骨头半脱位或脱位、股骨头坏死等严重髋关节并发症为治疗失败.回顾性分析2000年2月至2008年2月收治的22例髋臼骨折手术失败病例,男14例,女8例;年龄18～72岁,平均38.6岁.从术前影像学诊断、手术入路选择、内固定方案三方面对失败原因进行分析.结果 10例因髋臼后壁骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占45.5%(10/22);6例因髋臼后柱骨折未予以有效复位及固定而导致手术失败,占27.3%(6/22);3例前壁骨折复位不满意,占13.6%(3/22);2例髋臼前柱骨折未予以复位及固定,占9.1%(2/22);1例未行骨折复位及固定而行全髋关节置换,占4.5%(1/22).在手术失败病例中单纯依靠X线片进行诊断的漏诊及误诊率为90%,X线片结合CT检查的误诊率为8.3%.10例诊断错误者入路选择错误率为100%;12例诊断正确者,其中7例入路选择不正确,错误率为58.3%,另5例虽入路选择正确,但3例因复位及内固定不满意,2例因内固定选择错误而导致手术失败.结论 术前漏诊或误诊、手术入路选择错误、复位方法及内固定选择错误、手术操作掌握不充分是导致髋臼骨折手术失败的可能原因.

Retrospective study of failed surgical treatment of acetabular fractures

Objective To analyze the possible reasons of failed surgical treatment of acetabular fractures. Methods Various methods were used for positive patient identification, including according to Matta's X-ray assessment and Merle d'Aubigne & Postel hip function score of clinical standards for classification of acetabular fracture reduction surgery were not satisfied or not carried out a reduction and fixation,the clinical evaluation of hip joint as a "bad", occurrence of femoral head subluxation or dislocation, femoral head necrosis and other serious complications. From February 2000 to February 2008, 22 patients including 14 males and 8 females with an average age of 38.6 years (range, 18-72 years) were considered as failed cases. Results 45.5% of these cases were posterior wall fractures which were not given any fixation, 27.3% of them were posterior column fractures which were not fixed, 13.6% of them whose reduction and fixation of anterior wall fractures were not satisfied, and 9.1% of them were anterior column fractures which needed fixation. One case should take open reduction and iternal fixation instead of THA. The rate of misdiagnosis and mistaken diagnosis were 90% if only X-ray evaluation was made and this rate decreased to 8.3% if computed tomography was taken. The rate of wrong selection of operative approach was 100% in 10 cases of misdiagnosis, and which was 58.3% in 12 cases of correct diagnosis. In the 5 patients with correct diagnosis and selection of operative approach, the reasons of failed surgical treatment were due to imperfect surgical skills in 3 cases, and inappropriate fixation patterns in 2 cases. Conclusion The causes of the failure of surgical treatment for acetabular fracture might include preoperative missed diagnosis and misdiagnose, inappropriate approach, and an unreasonable internal fixation with unskillful technique.