末梢血纸片法检测血铅的方法学研究

目的 建立一种简便、快速、经济，符合我国国情的血铅检测方法。方法：选用S&S 903滤纸，首先测定滤纸的铅本底，随后检测血滴在滤纸上的扩散度，并进行纸片法血铅的重复性测定和重吸收试验。结果：①以铅标准溶液为标准测得的空白滤纸铅含量为(5.2±2.1) μg/L，经背景校正后空白滤纸铅含量为(1.3±0.4) μg/L。②血滴量在30～50 μl之间时，血液在滤纸上的扩散度和血铅浓度较恒定，血滴量少于20 μl则血铅结果偏低(P<0.01)。③在连续4周的测定中，纸片法所测血铅浓度与静脉血比较，两者具有高度相关性(r=0.9391，0.9708，0.9666，0.9553，P<0.01)。④纸片法的重吸收率为95.5%～123.7%。结论：初步建立了末梢血纸片法的血铅检测方法。

Delection of Blood Lead by the Filter Paper Method

Objective To establish a rapid diagnostic method which is convenient, inexpensive and relevant to the national situation of China. Methods We adopted the filter paper method to detect the presence of blood lead from July, 1996 to December, 1996. S&S 903 filter paper was selected. The filter paper was first used to detect blank lead, followed by diffusion of blood samples on the paper, and the stability of the method and the recovery of lead from the filter paper samples were tested. Results ① Using aqueous lead standards, the blank of filter paper contained ( 5.2 ± 2.1 ) μg/L of lead; and ( 1.3 ± 0.4 ) μg/L after the correction using blood lead standards. ② The paper diffusion of blood and lead levels were stable if a drop of blood was between 30 to 50 μl in volume. A blood drop of less than 20 μl would give lower lead level readings. ③ The filter paper method showed a correlation of 0.9391 , 0.9708 , 0.9666 and 0.9553 , respectively (P< 0.01 ) if the tests were performed within 4 weeks. ④ Recovery of lead from the filter paper samples ranged from 95.5% to 123.7% . Conclusions The filter paper method to detect lead in the blood is basically established.