摘 要: | 慢性肾炎内因多为禀赋不足,饮食起居失调,七情过用,病后体衰等损伤正气,损及脾、肺、肾三脏,致阴阳失调,机能失调;外因多为风、寒、湿、热及疮毒等,每易乘虚侵袭人体,阻碍脏腑气机发为水肿,血尿伴随疾病始终;水与血皆属阴,水病可导致血瘀,瘀血亦可导致水肿,"瘀血不去,其水乃成","孙络水溢则有留血","瘀血者,未尝不病水,病水者,未尝不病血","瘀血化水,亦发水肿,是血病兼水也","血与水不相离,血瘀必然导致水结",血瘀可由气虚、气滞、阳虚寒凝、痰凝导致,辨证分型为气虚血瘀、气滞血瘀、阳虚寒凝血瘀、痰凝血瘀等,活血化瘀为治疗原则,兼益气、理气、温阳、化痰,"凡治尿血,不可轻用止涩药,恐积瘀于阴茎痛楚难当也","宜行血不宜止血"。
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