师范院校新生心理健康测试2 994份问卷分析

背景:师范院校的大学生是师资的主要来源,其对日后为人师表的职业产生影响。目的:调查师范院校2005级新生的心理健康状况,为开展大学生心理健康教育与咨询提供依据。设计:整群抽样,横断面调查。单位:衡阳师范学院教育科学系。对象:调查于2005-10在衡阳师范学院完成,选择衡阳师范学院全体2005级3089名新生为调查对象,其中男生1211名,女生1878名,平均年龄18.72岁。方法:2005级新生入学后1个月后,以系为单位运用SCL-90症状自评量表对其进行集体测查。在统一指导语下,学生根据最近1周内的自我感觉答题,独立完成,当场收卷。结果数据运用光电阅读机输入计算机心理测评工具箱系统进行总分和因子分的统计。量表中没有回答的项目记为“没有”,5个以上项目未答者视为问卷无效以及总分低于95分的问卷因缺乏可靠性均不进行分析。所有数据输入电脑后用SPSS11.0软件进行统计分析;群体差异比较用t检验。主要观察指标:所有纳入的受试对象SCL-90症状自评量表得分。结果:共发放3089份问卷,回收有效答卷2994份,有效率为96.92%;男生1180份,女生1814份;文科2847份,理科1147份。问卷结果显示,新生的各因子分都显著高于国内青年常模(P<0.01);女生的躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑等5项因子分以及总分显著高于男生(P<0.05～0.01),敌对因子分则明显低于男生(P<0.01);文科新生的强迫、敌对和精神病性三个因子分显著低于理科新生(P<0.05～0.01),恐怖因子分则显著高于理科新生(P<0.05)。结论:师范院校2005级新生心理健康状况低于中国青年心理健康平均水平,整体来看,女生的心理健康状况显著不如男生,文科新生在强迫、敌对和精神病性上好于理科新生,在恐怖因子上比理科新生差。

Questionnaire analysis of mental health test in 2 994 freshmen of normal university

BACKGROUND: College students of normal universities, the major supply of teachers, have influences on their latter career of teacher man.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mental health of freshmen of local normal university in 2005, so as to provide the basis for mental health education and mental counselling.DESIGN: Cluster sampling and cross-sectional investigation.SETTING: Department of Education Science, Hengyang Normal University.PARTICIPANTS: This experiment was carried out in Hengyang Normal University in October 2005. Totally 3 089 freshmen of Hengyang Normal University in 2005 were selected as the participants, including 1 211 male and 1878 female with the mean age of 18.72 years.METHODS: The freshmen were tested by Symptom Check List- 90 (SCL-90)in groups after their enrolment a month later. Before answering the questions, they were given uniform directions and answered every question individually according to their own conditions in the latest week. All the answer papers were handed in on the spot. The data of SCL-90 were inputwith Optical Mark Reader 2000 (OMR2000) into Psychometrics Toolbox STD V3.0 of Psychology Exploring System for calculation of total score and the score of each factor. The unanswered items in SCL-90 were labelled as "never", if more than 5 items were unanswered, the questionnaire was considered to be invalid and therefore rejected for analysis. The total score below 95 points in a questionnaire was considered to suggest low reliability of answers and the questionnaire was also rejected. All the data was input into computer and statistically analysed with SPSS 11.0 software. Differences among groups were compared by using t test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The scores of SCL-90.RESULTS: Totally 3 089 questionnaires were distributed and 2 994 of them were collected, with the effective rate of 96.92%, including 1 180male, 1 814 female, 2 847 freshmen of liberal arts and 1 147 freshmen of science. All the nine SCL-90 factor scores of the tested freshmen were significantly higher than those of Chinese youth's norm (P＜0.01). The female freshmen had significantly higher scores than the male freshmen in the factors of somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity,depression, anxiety and phobia anxiety(P＜0.05-0.01 ), and contra in the factor of hostility(P＜0.01). There was no significant sex difference in the factor of paranoid ideation and psychoticism. The freshmen of liberal arts had significantly lower scores than the freshmen of science in the factors of obsessive-compulsive, hostility and psychoticism(P＜0.05-0.01 ), and contra in the factor of phobia anxiety(P＜0.05), there was no significant difference in the other factors between the two groups.CONCLUSION: The mental health level of freshmen of local normal university is lower than the average level of Chinese youth. The mental health status of the female freshmen is lower than that of the male freshmen. In obsessive-compulsive, hostility and psychoticism items,the freshmen of liberal arts and science are better than the freshmen of science, but in phobic anxiety items, it is contrary.