新型免疫佐剂的研究及其在人兽共患病疫苗中的应用

随着许多人兽共患病的突发和流行，使得新疫苗的发展非常急迫。但由基因工程重组抗原或化学合成多肽组成的新一代疫苗存在免疫原性弱等缺陷，需要新型免疫佐剂来增强其作用，对适用于临床应用的新佐剂的研究与开发势在必行。目前研究较多的有黏膜佐剂、天然佐剂和纳米粒子佐剂等，因此分析阐述细胞因子、CpGDNA、脂质体、免疫刺激复合物和纳米粒子佐剂的特点、作用机制及在人兽共患病疫苗中的应用、佐剂应用的安全性和发展趋势很有必要。

Studies and Application of novel immunoadjuvants in vaccines against amphixenosis

With the outhreak and epidemic of many amphixenosis, it is very urgent to develop noval vaccines. However, new vaccines composed of recombinant or synthetic antigens are generally less immunogen- ic, therefore, more and more attentions are paid to immunoadjuvants. Consequently, there are imperative needs for investigation and exploitation of powerful adjuvants for these vaccines. Presently, many studies focus on mucosal adjuvants, natural adjuvants, and nanoparticle adjuvants. Here we summarized the characteristics, mechanism of action, and application of adjuvants that used and studied frequently, such as cytokines, CpG DNA,liposome, ISCOM, and nanoparticle. The safeties and future directions of these adjuvants were prospected.