Transcutaneous pO2 imaging during tourniquet-induced forearm ischemia using planar optical oxygen sensors |
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Authors: | Philipp Babilas Philipp Lamby Lukas Prantl Stephan Schreml Ernst Michael Jung Gregor Liebsch Otto S. Wolfbeis Michael Landthaler Rolf-Markus Szeimies Christoph Abels |
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Affiliation: | Department of Dermatology, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany,;Department of Plastic Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany and;Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany |
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Abstract: | Background: Oxygen-dependent quenching of luminescence using transparent planar sensor foils was shown to overcome the limitations of the polarographic electrode technique in an animal model. This method was then transferred to a clinical setting to measure the transcutaneous pO2 (ptcO2). Methods: In six healthy subjects, a cuff on the upper arm was occluded up to 20 mmHg above systolic pressure and released after 8 min. PtcO2 was measured at the lower arm every 30 s before, during, and up to 20 min after cuff occlusion (40 °C applied skin temperature) using luminescence lifetime imaging (LLI) of platinum(II)-octaethyl-porphyrin immobilized in a polystyrene matrix. For validation, the polarographic Clark electrode technique was applied in close proximity, and measurements were conducted simultaneously. Results: PtcO2 measurements before (70.8±19.1 vs. 66.2±7.7 mmHg) and at the end of ischemic (2.7±1.2 vs. 3.6±1.7 mmHg) and reperfusion phases (72.2±3.6 vs. 68.4±8.9 mmHg) did not differ significantly using the Clark electrode vs. LLI. At both the initial ischemic and the reperfusion phases, the Clark electrode measured a faster decrease or increase, respectively, in ptcO2 because of the oxygen consumption occurring in this method. Conclusion: The presented method provides accurate and reproducible ptcO2 values under changing microcirculatory conditions. The lack of oxygen consumption during measurement allows both a more realistic estimation of ptcO2 than compared with the gold standard and permanent use in regions with critical oxygen supply. |
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Keywords: | microcirculation luminescence lifetime imaging two-dimensional Clark electrode |
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