精神分裂症患者亲属应对方式、心理健康状况及健康教育需求的研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者亲属应对方式、心理健康状况及其相关性以及健康教育需求情况。方法应用特质应对方式问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、自制健康知识知晓情况及健康教育需求情况调查表对100名精神分裂症患者亲属进行调查。结果精神分裂症患者亲属积极应对因子分低于常模,消极应对因子分高于常模,其SCL-90总分及各因子分均高于常模,差异有显著性(P<0.05或0.01),相关分析表明,精神分裂症患者亲属SCL-90躯体化、敌对因子分与积极应对分呈显著负相关(P<0.05),SCL-90总分、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子分与消极应对分呈显著正相关。97%的患者亲属知道疾病的诊断,但缺乏护理知识与技能,94%的患者亲属希望医务人员传授健康知识,对健康知识的需求侧重于安全护理、疾病症状、沟通方法、用药指导、疾病预防及康复知识、日常生活护理指导等。92%的亲属希望提供个别指导,83%的亲属选择提供科普手册。出院后健康教育方式调查发现,78%的亲属选择护士家访,63%选择电话咨询。结论精神分裂症患者亲属多采用消极应对的方式,而较少采用积极应对的方式,其心理健康状况较差,且与应对方式密切相关。

A study of coping style, mental health status and needs of health education in the relatives of schizophrenic patients

Objective To study the coping style, mental health status and needs of health education in the relatives of schizophrenic patients. MethodsOne hundred relatives of schizophrenic patients were investigated with Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ), Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) and Self-designed Questionnaire about the health educational needs.Results The factor-score of positive coping style of the relatives of schizophrenic patients was significantly lower than the norm, and the factor-score of negative coping style was higher than the norm. The total score and factor-score of SCL-90 in the relatives were significantly higher than the norms. There were negative correlations between factor-scores of somatization, hostility and factor-score of positive coping style. There were positive correlations between total score of SCL-90, factor-scores of obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoid , psychoticism and factor-score of negative coping style. 97% of the relatives knew the diagnosis, but lacked nursing knowledge and technical ability. 94% hoped to get health knowledge including safety nursing, symptoms, communication technique, drug guide. After discharged from hospital, 78% of the relatives chose nurses visiting, 63% chose telephone counseling.Conclusion Negative coping style is frequently adopted by the relatives of schizophrenic patients. The mental health status is poorer in the relatives and has close relation with coping style.