2394名高校新生近视与体质健康相关因素分析

目的 了解青少年体格发育与锻炼情况对近视的影响。方法 对广西某高校2017年入学新生进行入学体检(含视力测试)和体质测试,并对结果进行统计分析。结果 通过检查发现,该校入学新生近视发病人数为1 549人,占64.70%;肺活量不合格学生近视发病率更高(P<0.05);近视组体质量、BMI等体检结果值均较非近视组低,近视组肺活量、50 m跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、仰卧起坐(女)等体质测试结果值均较非近视组差。结论 童年及青少年时期的营养水平可能影响近视的发生;运动可减少近视的发生率,尤其是下肢非耐力运动。应促进合理膳食营养知识宣教,建立文体适宜的教学安排,增强青少年体质,从而减少近视患病率。

Correlation between myopia and physical health of 2 394 freshmen in a college

Objective To investigate the effect of physical development and exercise on myopia in adolescents. Methods Physical examinations (including vision tests) and physical fitness tests were performed in the freshmen enrolled in a university in Guangxi in 2017, and the results were analyzed statistically. Results Through the examinations, the number of myopia among the freshmen was 1 549, accounting for 64.70%, and the incidence of myopia among the students with unqualified vital capacity was higher than that among the students with qualified vital capacity(P<0.05).The body weight and body mass index(BMI) in the myopia group were lower than those in the non-myopia group. The physical examination values, such as 50-meter-running, standing long jump, sit and reach, sit-up (females) and so on, in the myopia group were worse than those in the non-myopia group. Conclusion The nutritional level in childhood and adolescence may affect the occurrence of myopia, and exercise can reduce the incidence of myopia, especially lower extremity non-endurance exercises. It is necessary to promote the health education of reasonable diet and nutrition, to establish appropriate teaching arrangement for stylistics, and to strengthen the physique of teenagers so as to reduce the prevalence of myopia.