高度近视眼巩膜细胞外基质中相关胶原分子机制的研究进展

高度近视眼是目前为止全球范围内主要的不可逆性致盲性眼部疾病之一。高度近视眼在发生和发展的过程中，眼球后部巩膜可能异常薄变或扩展。巩膜薄变、脉络膜萎缩性薄变及不同程度的眼轴延长，且伴有巩膜细胞外基质(ECM)的过度降解是高度近视眼不断发展的根本原因。近年来，随着相关研究的不断深入，国内外学者发现巩膜ECM生化特性的改变与近视眼的发展有着十分密切的关系，而胶原作为巩膜ECM的重要组成部分，其表达和积聚的改变与病理性近视眼的发展呈显著正相关的关系。目前，临床医学领域对此尚无有效的治疗方法，常用的药物及手术疗法的疗效尚未确定且毒副作用较大，并不适合在临床上进行大范围的推广和使用。本文就目前高度近视眼巩膜ECM中胶原分子机制的研究进展进行综述。

Research Progress on the molecular mechanism of collagen related to the extracellular matrix of sclera of high myopia

High myopia is one of the major irreversible blindness ocular diseases in the world so far. In the process of occurrence and development of high myopia, the posterior sclera of the eyeball may be abnormally thinner or expanded. Scleral degeneration, choroidal atrophy and varying degrees of ocular axis increase, and the excessive degradation of scleral extracellular matrix is the fundamental reason for the continuous development of high myopia. In recent years, with the in-depth research, the domestic and foreign scholars have found that there is a close relationship between the development of biochemical characteristics of the extracellular matrix of the scleral tissue changes and myopia, and collagen as an important component of the extracellular matrix of the scleral tissue, there is a significant positive correlation between the development of its expression and accumulation and histopathologic changes myopia. At present, there is no effective treatment method in clinical medicine. The efficacy of commonly used drugs and surgical treatment is not yet determined, and its toxic and side effects are large, so it is not suitable for wide application and promotion in clinic. In this paper, the research progress on the molecular mechanism of collagen in the extrascleral extracellular matrix of high myopia is reviewed.