| 摘 要： | A case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University in March 6, 2022 was reported. The proband was a 14 - year - old boy, who was admitted to the hospital because of " fever, headache and vomiting for 2 days". Metagenomic next - generation sequencing (mNGS) was consequently conducted to examine the pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid. Naegleria infection was detected, so the child was diagnosed with PAM. The disease developed rapidly, and the patient died 29 hours after admission. In the paper, a total of 13 studies were reviewed, and 15 children with PAM were reported. Of the reported cases, only 1 case survived, 14 cases died. PAM had a low incidence, a dangerous condition, and high mortality. Most cases were diagnosed by autopsy or pathogen diagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid. This case is confirmed by mNGS of pathogens, and it is rarely reported at home and abroad. © 2022 ＣｈｉｎＪＡｐｐｌＣｌｉｎＰｅｄｉａｔ. All rights reserved.
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