SARS患者、医务人员及疫区公众创伤后应激障碍的调查研究

目的调查SARS相关3类人群创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的发生情况及主要影响因素.方法使用自拟应激源-认知情况问卷、事件影响量表(IES-R)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、自尊量表(SES)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)作为工具,对SARS患者、一线医务人员及疫区公众进行调查.结果1.SARS患者、一线医务人员、疫区公众PTSD症状检出率分别是:55.1%、25.8%、31.18%;SARS患者PTSD症状的检出率最高(P＜0.01).2.3类人群PTSD的发生率不同的主要原因是应激源强度与特征的不同;消极应对方式是SARS患者、公众的危险因素,自尊是SARS患者和一线医务人员的保护因素,社会支持是一线医务人员的保护因素.3.相比2003年9月的第一次调查,2004年9月第二次调查IES-R条目严重出现率明显下降.结论1.在SARS事件应激暴露强度不同的各人群中均产生了PTSD症状,SARS患者的PTSD症状检出率最高.2.组间差异的主要原因是应激源强度,不同人群产生PTSD的影响因素不完全相同.3.随着时间改变PTSD症状逐渐减轻.

Investigation by comparison on the posttraumatic stress response among SARS patients, hospital staffs and the public exposed to SARS

Objective This paper focuses on the investigation of the occurrence and influential factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)in SARS patients, hospital staffs and the public expo sed to SARS. Methodes Three groups were assessed by scale of self-compiled stressor Questionnaire, impact of event scale-revised (IES-R) , PSSS, SCSQ, SES and EPQ. Results 1. The incidence of PTSD symptoms in the three groups were 55.1% ,25.8 % and 31.18 %. 2. The main cause of the different incidence was the difference of the stressor intensity and characters. Negative coping was the risk factor of SARS patients and the public; Self-esteem was the protected factor of SARS patients and the hospital staffs; Social support was a protected factor on the hospital staffs. 3. Comparing to the first investigate in September,2003 ,the data of follow-up study in September,2004 showed that the prevalence items significant decreased. Conclusions 1. The investigation concludes that all three groups of people exposed o SARS exhibit PTSD symptom. SARS patients have the highest occurrence ( P ＜ 0.01 ). 2. The main influencing factors of different incidence of PTSD in different groups are intensities and characteristics of stressors. Different people who had PTSD symptoms have different influencing factors. 3. With the change of time , the PTSD symptoms significant relieve with the attenuation gradually of exposure degree of stressor.