人NK细胞表面KIR与HLA I类抗原

KIR受体与HLA相互作用在人类遗传、免疫应答及异基因造血干细胞移植等方面发挥着重要作用.KIR能识别HLA I类抗原;KIR与HLA各自能独立遗传,HLA配型不能准确推断KIR表型;KIR的表达主要与其基因型有关,HLA对KIR表达的调节作用微乎其微,KIR的基因型可以决定其表现型.供受者间KIR受体-HLA配体不相合有利于异基因造血干细胞移植,尤其是单倍体相合造血干细胞移植,KIR受体-配体模型可以更好地提示造血干细胞移植的预后.本文就KIR与HLA在造血干细胞移植中的相互作用、KIR与HLA的遗传学基础、NK细胞表面KIR表达与HLA的关系及KIR和HLA在免疫应答中的作用作一综述.

KIRs on Human NK Cells and in Relation with HLA Class I Antigen-Review

The interaction of killer cell immunoglobin-like receptors (KIR) with HLA molecules has particular relevance to the genetics, immune responses and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The genes of KIR and HLA are located in different chromosomes and segregate independently. The repertoire of KIR molecules varies among NK cells and is determined by the KIR genotype. The HLA genotype has only subtle impact on the KIR phenotype. Three major HLA specificity groups are recognized by KIRs. Donor versus recipient NK-cell alloreactivity, when recipients lack HLA ligand for their donor inhibitory KIR, can benefit allogeneic stem cell transplantation, especially the HLA haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The outcome of stem cell transplantation can be best predicted by the presence of KIRs on the donor's NK cells and the absence of corresponding KIR ligand in the recipient's HLA repertoire-a receptor-ligand model. In this paper the interaction of KIR and HLA in hematopoietic stem transplantation, the genetic basis of KIR and HLA, the relation of KIR expression on NK cells with HLA and the role of KIR and HLA in immune responses were reviewed.