国内饮用水中消毒副产物分布水平与健康风险评价

目的了解我国城市饮用水消毒副产物的分布水平及健康风险,为饮水安全管理提供参考。方法通过系统检索2009—2019年公开发表的文献,提取有效数据科学统计国内饮用水消毒副产物的暴露水平,运用EPA推荐的健康风险评价模型对THMs和HAAs两类消毒副产物进行风险评价。结果各类消毒副产物含量水平大小为三卤甲烷>卤代乙酸>卤乙腈>水合氯醛>卤代酮类>亚硝胺类;南方地区饮用水主要消毒副产物生成量高于北方地区;液氯消毒生成的消毒副产物总量高于其它消毒方式。结论国内城市饮用水各类消毒副产物致癌风险值均大于EPA可接受水平(1×10-6);次氯酸钠消毒代替液氯消毒能有效降低消毒副产物对人体的健康风险;儿童的健康风险值大于成人,应重点考虑儿童暴露于水中污染物质的健康风险。

Distribution level and health risk assessment of disinfection by-products in drinking water in China

Objectives To understand the distribution level and health risk of disinfection by-products of drinking water in cities of China,and to provide references for drinking water safety management.Methods By systematically searching the literatures published from 2009 to 2019,the effective data were extracted and the exposure levels of disinfection by-products of drinking water in China was statistically analyzed.The health risk assessment model recommended by EPA was used to conduct risk assessments on THMs and HAAs disinfection by-products.Results The levels of various disinfection by-products were as follows:trihalomethane>haloacetic acid>haloacetonitrile>chloral hydrate>haloketones>nitrosamines.The main disinfection by-products in drinking water in southern China were higher than those in northern China.The total amount of disinfection by-products produced by liquid chlorine disinfection was higher than other disinfection methods.Conclusion The carcinogenic risk of various disinfection by-products in domestic urban drinking water was higher than the acceptable EPA level(1×10-6).Sodium hypochlorite disinfection instead of liquid chlorine disinfection was able to effectively reduce the health risk of disinfection by-products to humans.The health risk of the exposure to pollutants in drinking water was higher in children than in adults,which should be taken into special consideration.