成都市小学生肥胖调查及综合干预的效果分析

目的调查成都市小学生肥胖情况并分析综合干预的效果。方法选择成都市1500名儿童进行健康体检及问卷调查,分析肥胖发生率及影响因素,将肥胖儿童随机分为对照组(常规健康宣教)与干预组(综合管理)干预,比较干预效果。结果1500名儿童中肥胖儿童192名(12.80%);多因素回归分析显示,性别男(OR=1.881)、巨大儿(OR=1.790)、早产儿(OR=2.261)、家长肥胖(OR=1.774)、宵夜(OR=3.943,P<0.05)、进食速度快(OR=2.980)、嗜猪/鸡/牛等肉类(OR=1.956)、嗜油炸类食物(OR=1.662,P<0.05)、嗜甜品(OR=2.361)、喜食含糖饮料(OR=1.547)、运动不足(OR=2.428),家长对儿童体型的认知(OR=14.629,P<0.05)是儿童肥胖的危险因素(P<0.05);针对危险因素干预后,两组儿童肥胖指标水平均降低,且干预组低于对照组,干预组儿童依从性优良率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论性别男、巨大儿、家长肥胖、进食高热量食物、运动不足等是成都市小学生肥胖的危险因素,实施综合干预手段有助于减肥。

Survey of obesity and the effect of comprehensive intervention in primary and secondary school students in Chengdu City

Objective To investigate the obesity of primary and secondary school students in Chengdu City,and to analyze the effects of comprehensive intervention.Methods A total of 1500 children in Jinniu District of Chengdu were selected for health check-ups.Questionnaires were distributed to children and their parents to investigate the incidence of obesity and analyze the risk factors.Obese children were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group.The control group was given routine health education while the intervention group was given comprehensive management intervention.The obesity indicators and compliance were compared between the two groups.Results Among 1500 children,there were 192 obese children.Multivariate logistics regression analysis showed that males(OR=1.881,P<0.05),fetal macrosomia(OR=1.790,P<0.05),premature infants(OR=2.261,P<0.05),parental obesity(OR=1.774,P<0.05),eating midnight snack(OR=3.943,P<0.05),fast eating speed(OR=2.980,P<0.05),addiction to meats such as pigs/chickens/bovines(OR=1.956,P<0.05),addiction to fried foods(OR=1.662,P<0.05),addiction to desserts(OR=2.361,P<0.05),liking eating sugary drinks(OR=1.547,P<0.05),lack of exercise(OR=2.428,P<0.05)and parental cognition towards body shape of children(OR=14.629,P<0.05)were risk factors for childhood obesity.After intervention for risk factors of obesity,the levels of obesity indexes in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before intervention(P<0.05),and the levels of obesity in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The rate of compliance in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Male gender,fetal macrosomia,premature infants,parental obesity,eating midnight snack,fast eating speed,addiction to meats such as pigs/chickens/bovines,fried foods,desserts and sugary drinks,lack of exercise and parental thinking of moderate body shape of children were risk factors for obesity in primary and secondary school students in Chengdu.The implementation of comprehensive interventions can help obese students lose weight.